requests请求，就是用yhthon的requests模块模拟浏览器请求，返回html源码
模拟浏览器请求有两种，一种是不需要用户登录或者验证的请求，一种是需要用户登录或者验证的请求
一、不需要用户登录或者验证的请求
这种比较简单，直接利用requests模块发一个请求即可拿到html源码
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf8 -*-import requests ????#导入模拟浏览器请求模块http =requests.get(url="http://www.iqiyi.com/") ????#发送http请求http.encoding = "utf-8" ????????????????????????????#http请求编码neir = http.text ???????????????????????????????????#获取http字符串代码print(neir)
得到html源码
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>抽屉新热榜-聚合每日热门、搞笑、有趣资讯</title> ???????<meta charset="utf-8" /> ???????<meta name="keywords" content="抽屉新热榜,资讯,段子,图片,公众场合不宜,科技,新闻,节操,搞笑" /> ???????????????<meta name="description" content=" ???????????抽屉新热榜，汇聚每日搞笑段子、热门图片、有趣新闻。它将微博、门户、社区、bbs、社交网站等海量内容聚合在一起，通过用户推荐生成最热榜单。看抽屉新热榜，每日热门、有趣资讯尽收眼底。 ???????????" /> ???????????????<meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> ???????<meta name="GOOGLEBOT" content="index,follow" /> ???????<meta name="Author" content="搞笑" /> ???????<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE8"> ???????<link type="image/x-icon" href="/images/chouti.ico" rel="icon"/> ???????<link type="image/x-icon" href="/images/chouti.ico" rel="Shortcut Icon"/> ???????<link type="image/x-icon" href="/images/chouti.ico" rel="bookmark"/> ???<link type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" ?????????href="opensearch.xml" title="抽屉新热榜" rel="search" />
二、需要用户登录或者验证的请求
获取这种页面时，我们首先要了解整个登录过程，一般登录过程是，当用户第一次访问时，会自动在浏览器生成cookie文件，当用户输入登录信息后会携带着生成的cookie文件，如果登录信息正确会给这个cookie
授权，授权后以后访问需要登录的页面时携带授权后cookie即可
1、首先访问一下首页，然后查看是否有自动生成cookie
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf8 -*-import requests ????#导入模拟浏览器请求模块### 1、在没登录之前访问一下首页，获取cookiei1 = requests.get( ???url="http://dig.chouti.com/", ???headers={‘Referer‘: ‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘})i1.encoding = "utf-8" ??????????????????????????????#http请求编码i1_cookie = i1.cookies.get_dict()print(i1_cookie) ???????????????????????????????????#返回获取到的cookie#返回：{‘JSESSIONID‘: ‘aaaTztKP-KaGLbX-T6R0v‘, ‘gpsd‘: ‘c227f059746c839a28ab136060fe6ebe‘, ‘route‘: ‘f8b4f4a95eeeb2efcff5fd5e417b8319‘}可以看到生成了cookie，说明如果登陆信息正确，后台会给这里的cookie授权，以后访问需要登录的页面携带授权后的cookie即可
2、让程序自动去登录授权cookie
首先我们用浏览器访问登录页面，随便乱输入一下登录密码和账号，获取登录页面url，和登录所需要的字段
携带cookie登录授权
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf8 -*-import requests ????#导入模拟浏览器请求模块### 1、在没登录之前访问一下首页，获取cookiei1 = requests.get( ???url="http://dig.chouti.com/", ???headers={‘Referer‘:‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘})i1.encoding = "utf-8" ??????????????????????????????#http请求编码i1_cookie = i1.cookies.get_dict()print(i1_cookie) ???????????????????????????????????#返回获取到的cookie#返回：{‘JSESSIONID‘: ‘aaaTztKP-KaGLbX-T6R0v‘, ‘gpsd‘: ‘c227f059746c839a28ab136060fe6ebe‘, ‘route‘: ‘f8b4f4a95eeeb2efcff5fd5e417b8319‘}### 2、用户登陆，携带上一次的cookie，后台对cookie中的随机字符进行授权i2 = requests.post( ???url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", ?????????????#登录url ???data={ ?????????????????????????????????????????#登录字段 ???????‘phone‘: "8615284816568", ???????‘password‘: "279819", ???????‘oneMonth‘: "" ???}, ???headers={‘Referer‘:‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘}, ???cookies=i1_cookie ??????????????????????????????#携带cookie)i2.encoding = "utf-8"dluxxi = i2.textprint(dluxxi) ??????????????????????????????????????#查看登录后服务器的响应#返回：{"result":{"code":"9999", "message":"", "data":{"complateReg":"0","destJid":"cdu_50072007463"}}} ?登录成功3、登录成功后，说明后台已经给cookie授权，这样我们访问需要登录的页面时，携带这个cookie即可，比如获取个人中心
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf8 -*-import requests ????#导入模拟浏览器请求模块### 1、在没登录之前访问一下首页，获取cookiei1 = requests.get( ???url="http://dig.chouti.com/", ???headers={‘Referer‘:‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘})i1.encoding = "utf-8" ??????????????????????????????#http请求编码i1_cookie = i1.cookies.get_dict()print(i1_cookie) ???????????????????????????????????#返回获取到的cookie#返回：{‘JSESSIONID‘: ‘aaaTztKP-KaGLbX-T6R0v‘, ‘gpsd‘: ‘c227f059746c839a28ab136060fe6ebe‘, ‘route‘: ‘f8b4f4a95eeeb2efcff5fd5e417b8319‘}### 2、用户登陆，携带上一次的cookie，后台对cookie中的随机字符进行授权i2 = requests.post( ???url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", ?????????????#登录url ???data={ ?????????????????????????????????????????#登录字段 ???????‘phone‘: "8615284816568", ???????‘password‘: "279819", ???????‘oneMonth‘: "" ???}, ???headers={‘Referer‘:‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘}, ???cookies=i1_cookie ??????????????????????????????#携带cookie)i2.encoding = "utf-8"dluxxi = i2.textprint(dluxxi) ??????????????????????????????????????#查看登录后服务器的响应#返回：{"result":{"code":"9999", "message":"", "data":{"complateReg":"0","destJid":"cdu_50072007463"}}} ?登录成功### 3、访问需要登录才能查看的页面，携带着授权后的cookie访问shouquan_cookie = i1_cookiei3 = requests.get( ???url="http://dig.chouti.com/user/link/saved/1", ???headers={‘Referer‘:‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘}, ???cookies=shouquan_cookie ???????????????????????#携带着授权后的cookie访问)i3.encoding = "utf-8"print(i3.text) ????????????????????????????????????#查看需要登录才能查看的页面获取需要登录页面的html源码成功
全部代码
get()方法，发送get请求
encoding属性，设置请求编码
cookies.get_dict()获取cookies
post()发送post请求
text获取服务器响应信息
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf8 -*-import requests ????#导入模拟浏览器请求模块### 1、在没登录之前访问一下首页，获取cookiei1 = requests.get( ???url="http://dig.chouti.com/", ???headers={‘Referer‘:‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘})i1.encoding = "utf-8" ??????????????????????????????#http请求编码i1_cookie = i1.cookies.get_dict()print(i1_cookie) ???????????????????????????????????#返回获取到的cookie#返回：{‘JSESSIONID‘: ‘aaaTztKP-KaGLbX-T6R0v‘, ‘gpsd‘: ‘c227f059746c839a28ab136060fe6ebe‘, ‘route‘: ‘f8b4f4a95eeeb2efcff5fd5e417b8319‘}### 2、用户登陆，携带上一次的cookie，后台对cookie中的随机字符进行授权i2 = requests.post( ???url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", ?????????????#登录url ???data={ ?????????????????????????????????????????#登录字段 ???????‘phone‘: "8615284816568", ???????‘password‘: "279819", ???????‘oneMonth‘: "" ???}, ???headers={‘Referer‘:‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘}, ???cookies=i1_cookie ??????????????????????????????#携带cookie)i2.encoding = "utf-8"dluxxi = i2.textprint(dluxxi) ??????????????????????????????????????#查看登录后服务器的响应#返回：{"result":{"code":"9999", "message":"", "data":{"complateReg":"0","destJid":"cdu_50072007463"}}} ?登录成功### 3、访问需要登录才能查看的页面，携带着授权后的cookie访问shouquan_cookie = i1_cookiei3 = requests.get( ???url="http://dig.chouti.com/user/link/saved/1", ???headers={‘Referer‘:‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘}, ???cookies=shouquan_cookie ???????????????????????#携带着授权后的cookie访问)i3.encoding = "utf-8"print(i3.text) ????????????????????????????????????#查看需要登录才能查看的页面注意：如果登录需要验证码，那就需要做图像处理，根据验证码图片，识别出验证码，将验证码写入登录字段
web爬虫，requests请求
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/zjltt/p/7700123.html