富文本框的技术实现和普通的文本框的定位存在较大的区别，富文本框的常见技术用到了Frame标签，并且在Frame里面实现了一个完整的HTML网页结构，所以使用普通的定位模式将无法直接定位到富文本框对象。
方法一：调用WebDriver的send_key()方法实现
#encoding=utf-8from selenium import webdriverimport unittest, time, tracebackfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementExceptionfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byclass TestDemo(unittest.TestCase): ???def setUp(self): ???????# 启动Firefox浏览器 ???????#self.driver = webdriver.Ie(executable_path = "e:\\IEDriverServer") ???????self.driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path="e:\\geckodriver") ???def test_SohuMailSendEMail(self): ???????url = "http://mail.sohu.com" ???????# 访问搜狐邮箱登录页 ???????self.driver.get(url) ???????try: ???????????userName = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(u‘//input[@placeholder="请输入您的邮箱"]‘) ???????????userName.clear() ???????????userName.send_keys("fosterwu") ???????????passWord = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(u‘//input[@placeholder="请输入您的密码"]‘) ???????????passWord.clear() ???????????passWord.send_keys("1111") ???????????login = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(u‘//input[@value="登 录"]‘) ???????????login.click() ???????????wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10) ???????????# 显示等待，确定页面是否成功登录并跳转到登录成功后的首页 ???????????wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable ??????????????????????????((By.XPATH, ‘//li[text()="写邮件"]‘))) ???????????self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(u‘//li[text()="写邮件"]‘).click() ???????????time.sleep(2) ???????????receiver = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//div[@arr="mail.to_render"]//input‘) ???????????# 输入收件人 ???????????receiver.send_keys("fosterwu@sohu.com") ???????????subject = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//input[@ng-model="mail.subject"]‘) ???????????# 输入邮件标题 ???????????subject.send_keys(u"一封测试邮件！") ???????????# 获取邮件正文编辑区域的iframe页面元素对象 ???????????iframe = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//iframe[contains(@id, "ueditor")]‘) ???????????# 通过switch_to.frame()方法切换进入富文本框中 ???????????self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) ???????????# 获取富文本框中编辑页面元素对象 ???????????editBox = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body") ???????????# 输入邮件正文 ???????????editBox.send_keys(u"邮件的正文内容") ???????????# 从富文本框中切换出，回到默认页面 ???????????self.driver.switch_to.default_content() ???????????# 找到页面上的“发送”按钮，并单击它 ???????????self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//span[.="发送"]‘).click() ???????????# 显示都等待含有关键字串“发送成功”的页面元素出现在页面中 ???????????wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located ??????????????????????????((By.XPATH, ‘//span[.="发送成功"]‘))) ???????????print u"邮件发送成功" ???????except TimeoutException: ???????????print u"显示等待页面元素超时" ???????except NoSuchElementException: ???????????print u"寻找的页面元素不存在", traceback.print_exc() ???????except Exception: ???????????# 打印其他异常堆栈信息 ???????????print traceback.print_exc() ???def tearDown(self): ???????# 退出IE浏览器 ???????self.driver.quit()if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: ???unittest.main()优点：实现简单，只要调用WebDriver对页面元素对象提供的send_keys()方法，即可实现内容输入
缺点：必须能定位到要被操作的元素，对脚本编写人员的定位能力要求比较高，同时不支持HTML格式的内容输入
方法二：
#encoding=utf-8from selenium import webdriverimport unittest, time, tracebackfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementExceptionfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byclass TestDemo(unittest.TestCase): ???def setUp(self): ???????# 启动Firefox浏览器 ???????#self.driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path="c:\\geckodriver") ???????self.driver = webdriver.Ie(executable_path = "e:\\IEDriverServer") ???def test_SohuMailSendEMail(self): ???????url = "http://mail.sohu.com" ???????# 访问搜狐邮箱登录页 ???????self.driver.get(url) ???????try: ???????????userName = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//input[@placeholder="请输入您的邮箱"]‘) ???????????userName.clear() ???????????userName.send_keys("fosterwu") ???????????passWord = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//input[@placeholder="请输入您的密码"]‘) ???????????passWord.clear() ???????????passWord.send_keys("1111") ???????????login = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//input[@value="登 录"]‘) ???????????login.click() ???????????wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10) ???????????# 显示等待，确定页面是否成功登录并跳转到登录成功后的首页 ???????????wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable ??????????????????????????((By.XPATH, ‘//li[text()="写邮件"]‘))) ???????????self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//li[text()="写邮件"]‘).click() ???????????time.sleep(2) ???????????receiver = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//div[@arr="mail.to_render"]//input‘) ???????????# 输入收件人 ???????????receiver.send_keys("fosterwu@sohu.com") ???????????subject = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//input[@ng-model="mail.subject"]‘) ???????????# 输入邮件标题 ???????????subject.send_keys(u"一封测试邮件！") ???????????# 获取邮件正文编辑区域的iframe页面元素对象 ???????????iframe = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//iframe[contains(@id, "ueditor")]‘) ???????????# 通过switch_to.frame()方法切换进入富文本框中 ???????????self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) ???????????# 通过JavaScript代码向邮件正文编辑框中输入正文 ???????????self.driver.execute_script("document.getElementsByTagName(‘body‘) ???????????????[0].innerHTML=‘<b>邮件的正文内容<b>;‘") ???????????# 从富文本框中切换出，回到默认页面 ???????????self.driver.switch_to.default_content() ???????????# 找到页面上的“发送”按钮，并单击它 ???????????self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//span[.="发送"]‘).click() ???????????# 显示都等待含有关键字串“发送成功”的页面元素出现在页面中 ???????????wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located ??????????????????????????((By.XPATH, ‘//span[.="发送成功"]‘))) ???????????print u"邮件发送成功" ???????except TimeoutException: ???????????print u"显示等待页面元素超时" ???????except NoSuchElementException: ???????????print u"寻找的页面元素不存在", traceback.print_exc() ???????except Exception: ???????????# 打印其他异常堆栈信息 ???????????print traceback.print_exc() ???def tearDown(self): ???????# 退出IE浏览器 ???????self.driver.quit()if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: ???unittest.main()优点：可以支持HTML格式的文字内容作为富文本框的输入内容
缺点：由于各种网页中富文本框实现的机制可能不同，有可能造成定位到富文本框的文本编辑区对象比较困难，此时就需要熟练了解HTML代码含义以及Frame的进出方式，对脚本编写人员的能力要求比较高
方法三：
#encoding=utf-8from selenium import webdriverimport unittest, time, tracebackfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementExceptionfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keysimport win32clipboard as wimport win32api, win32con# 用于设置剪切板内容def setText(aString): ???w.OpenClipboard() ???w.EmptyClipboard() ???w.SetClipboardData(win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT, aString) ???w.CloseClipboard()# 键盘按键映射字典VK_CODE = {‘ctrl‘:0x11, ‘v‘:0x56}# 键盘键按下def keyDown(keyName): ???win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, 0, 0)# 键盘键抬起def keyUp(keyName): ???win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)class TestDemo(unittest.TestCase): ???def setUp(self): ???????# 启动Firefox浏览器 ???????self.driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path="e:\\geckodriver") ???def test_SohuMailSendEMail(self): ???????url = "http://mail.sohu.com" ???????# 访问搜狐邮箱登录页 ???????self.driver.get(url) ???????try: ???????????userName = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//input[@placeholder="请输入您的邮箱"]‘) ???????????userName.clear() ???????????userName.send_keys("fosterwu") ???????????passWord = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//input[@placeholder="请输入您的密码"]‘) ???????????passWord.clear() ???????????passWord.send_keys("1111") ???????????login = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//input[@value="登 录"]‘) ???????????login.click() ???????????wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10) ???????????# 显示等待，确定页面是否成功登录并跳转到登录成功后的首页 ???????????wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable ??????????????????????????((By.XPATH, ‘//li[text()="写邮件"]‘))) ???????????self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//li[text()="写邮件"]‘).click() ???????????time.sleep(2) ???????????receiver = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//div[@arr="mail.to_render"]//input‘) ???????????# 输入收件人 ???????????receiver.send_keys("xxxx") ???????????subject = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath ???????????????(‘//input[@ng-model="mail.subject"]‘) ???????????# 输入邮件标题 ???????????subject.send_keys(u"一封测试邮件！") ???????????# 输入完邮件标题后，按下Tab键可以将页面焦点切换到富文本框编辑区域 ???????????subject.send_keys(Keys.TAB) ???????????# 设置剪切板内容，也就是将要输入的正文内容 ???????????setText(u"邮件正文内容") ???????????# 模拟键盘的Ctrl + v组合键，将剪切板内容粘贴到富文本编辑区中 ???????????keyDown("ctrl") ???????????keyDown("v") ???????????keyUp("v") ???????????keyUp("ctrl") ???????????# 找到页面上的“发送”按钮，并单击它 ???????????self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//span[.="发送"]‘).click() ???????????# 显示都等待含有关键字串“发送成功”的页面元素出现在页面中 ???????????wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located ??????????????????????????((By.XPATH, ‘//span[.="发送成功"]‘))) ???????????print u"邮件发送成功" ???????except TimeoutException: ???????????print u"显示等待页面元素超时" ???????except NoSuchElementException: ???????????print u"寻找的页面元素不存在", traceback.print_exc() ???????except Exception: ???????????# 打印其他异常堆栈信息 ???????????print traceback.print_exc() ???def tearDown(self): ???????# 退出IE浏览器 ???????self.driver.quit()if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: ???unittest.main()优点：不管任何类型的富文本框，只要找到它上面的近邻近邻元素，然后通过模拟按Tab键的方式均可进入到富文本框，有此可以使用一种方法解决所有类型的富文本框定位问题。
缺点：不能在富文本框编辑器中进行HTML格式的内容输入。
webdriver高级应用- 操作富文本框
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/qingqing-919/p/8716556.html