大型网站架构之百万PV

• 简介

PV即点击量，通常是衡量一个网络新闻频道或网站甚至一条网络新闻的重要指标。PV从某种程度上已经成为投资者衡量商业网站表现的最重要的尺度。

PV是一个访问者在24小时到底看了网站的几个页面。

• 案例描述

本案例设计采用四层模式实现，主要分为前端反向代理，web层，数据库缓存层和数据库层。前端反向代理层采用主备模式，web层采用集群模式，数据库缓存采用主备模式，数据库层采用主从模式。

• 案例环境

主：192.168.177.145 centos7-1

从：192.168.177.135 centos7-2

节点1：192.168.177.132 centos7-3

节点2：192.168.177.133 centos7-4

主服务器 从服务器

• 安装带有nginx rpm软件包的源

  # rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

• 使用centos 默认仓库完成下面的安装 主

  # ?yum install -y keepalived nginx# ?vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ?//从上修改三个参数

  ! Configuration File for keepalived

vrrp_script nginx {
script "/opt/shell/nginx.sh"
interval 2
} ???//添加
global_defs {
route_id NGINX_HA ??//修改
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
nginx
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.177.188 ?????//虚拟IP
192.168.200.188
}
}

# ?mkdir /opt/shell ?# ?cd /opt/shell# ?vim /opt/shell/nginx.sh#!/bin/bashk=`ps -ef | grep keepalived | grep -v grep | wc -l`if [ $k -gt 0 ];then ???/bin/systemctl start nginx.serviceelse/bin/systemctl stop nginx.servicefi# chmod +x /opt/shell/nginx.sh ??//变成可执行的脚本

从服务器与主服务器配置一样（内容要修改）

# yum install -y keepalived nginx# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ?//从上修改三个参数! Configuration File for keepalivedvrrp_script nginx { ???script "/opt/shell/nginx.sh" ???interval 2} ???//添加global_defs { ???route_id NGINX_HB ??//修改}vrrp_instance VI_1 { ???state MASTER ???interface ens33 ???virtual_router_id 52 ???priority 90 ???advert_int 1 ???authentication { ???????auth_type PASS ???????auth_pass 1111}track_script { ???nginx}virtual_ipaddress { ???192.168.177.188 ?????//虚拟IP ???192.168.200.188 ???}}# mkdir /opt/shell# cd /opt/shell# vim /opt/shell/nginx.sh#!/bin/bashk=`ps -ef | grep keepalived | grep -v grep | wc -l`if [ $k -gt 0 ];then ???/bin/systemctl start nginx.serviceelse/bin/systemctl stop nginx.servicefi# chmod +x /opt/shell/nginx.sh ??//变成可执行的脚本

配置nginx前端调度功能(主，从)

# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf //在#gzip on;下面添加： upstream tomcat_pool { ???????????????server 192.168.177.132:8080; ???????????????server 192.168.177.133:8080; ???????????????ip_hash; ??????????#会话稳固功能，否则无法通过vip地址登陆 ???????} ???????server { ???????????????listen 80; ???????????????server_name 192.168.177.188; #虚拟出的IP ?????????????????location / { ???????????????????????proxy_pass http://tomcat_pool; ???????????????????????proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; ???????????????} ???}# nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf ?//测试配置文件语法# systemctl start keepalived.service ???//nginx启动会等待一会

两台节点都要做tomcat

# tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.23.tar.gz# tar xf jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz

# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.23/ /usr/local/tomcat8# mv jdk1.8.0_144/ /usr/local/java

# vim /etc/profileexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/javaexport JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jreexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/java/binexport CLASSPATH=./:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib# source /etc/profile

# java -version

# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh /usr/bin/tomcatup# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/bin/tomcatdown

# tomcatup ????//开启服务# netstat -anpt | grep 8080

# vim /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp //修改默认网页内容<h1>Server 132!!!</h1>http://192.168.177.132:8080/ ????????//测试默认测试页是否正常显示（节点）http://192.168.177.133:8080/http://192.168.177.188/ ?输入调度器地址，也就是虚拟地址，测试两台节点的调度情况。将192.168.177.132宕机（tomcatdown)，看看http://192.168.177.188/会不会显示<h1>Server 133!!!</h1>

# vim server.xml //跳到行尾，在Host name下新增 148行<Context path="" docBase="SLSaleSystem" reloadable="true" debug="0"></Context>日志调试信息debug为0表示信息越少，docBase指定访问目录

Mysql安装（主，从）

# yum install -y mariadb-server mariadb# systemctl start mariadb.service# systemctl enable mariadb.service ???//开机自启动# netstat -anpt | grep 3306# mysql_secure_installation ???//常规安全设置# mysql -u root -p

导入数据库

先挂载# mysql -u root -p ?< slsaledb-2014-4-10.sql# mysql -u root -p ?show databases; ?GRANT all ON slsaledb.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘abc123‘; ?flush privileges;

以下在两台tomcat节点做

# tar xf SLSaleSystem.tar.gz -C /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/# cd /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/SLSaleSystem/WEB-INF/classes# vim jdbc.properties //修改数据库IP地址是VRRP的虚拟IP，以及授权的用户名root和密码abc123。

网站测试

http://192.168.177.132:8080/ ??//默认的用户名admin 密码：123456http://192.168.177.133:8080/http://192.168.177.188 ?//输入虚拟地址测试登录，并且关闭主再测试登录

redis集群（主，从）

# yum install -y epel-release# yum install redis -y# vim /etc/redis.conf ?bind 0.0.0.0# systemctl start redis.service# netstat -anpt | grep 6379# redis-cli -h 192.168.177.145 -p 6379 //测试连接 ?192.168.177.145:6379> set name test ?//设置name 值是test ?192.168.177.145:6379> get name //获取name值

从服务器上多如下一行配置

 266行 slaveof 192.168.177.145 ?6379 //主服务器的IP不是虚拟IP

# redis-cli -h 192.168.177.135 -p 6379 //登录从，获取值，成功说明主从同步成功 ?192.168.177.135:6379> get name"test"

配置商城项目中连接redis的参数

38 ????????<!--redis 配置 开始--> ?47 ????????????????<constructor-arg value="192.168.177.188"/> ?48 ????????????????<constructor-arg value="6379"/>

测试缓存效果

# redis-cli -h 192.168.177.188 -p 6379 ?192.168.177.188:6379> info keyspace_hits:1 ?或者 keyspace_misses:2//关注这个值，命中数和未命中数登录商城，然后反复点击需要数据库参与的操作页面，再回来检查keyspace_hits或者keyspace_misses: 值变化。

配置redis集群主从切换，只在主服务器上操作

# redis-cli -h ?192.168.177.145 info Replication ??????//获取当前服务器的角色# vim /etc/redis-sentinel.conf17行 protected-mode no17G68行 sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.177.145 6379 1 //1表示1台从 注意：修改98行 sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000 //故障切换时间单位是毫秒# service redis-sentinel start //启动集群# netstat -anpt | grep 26379# redis-cli -h 192.168.177.145 -p 26379 info Sentinel //查看集群信息

验证主从切换

在主上# systemctl stop redis.service# redis-cli -h 192.168.177.145 -p 26379 info Sentinel //发现主变成了135

验证数据同步情况

# redis-cli -h 192.168.177.135 -p 6379 ??192.168.177.135:6379> set name2 test2OK ?192.168.177.135:6379> get name2"test2"# service redis start //把主启动# redis-cli -h 192.168.177.145 -p 6379 ?192.168.175.128:6379> get name2 ?"test2"

Mysql主从

mysql主服务器配置

# vim /etc/my.cnf //[mysqld]下binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schemacharacter_set_server=utf8log_bin=mysql_binserver_id=1log_slave_updates=truesync_binlog=1# systemctl restart mariadb# netstat -anpt | grep 3306# mysql -u root -p ?show master status; //记录日志文件名称和 位置值 ?grant replication slave on *.* to ‘rep‘@‘192.168.177.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘; ?flush privileges;

mysql从服务器配置

# vim /etc/my.cnf //[mysqld]下binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schemacharacter_set_server=utf8log_bin=mysql_binserver_id=2log_slave_updates=truesync_binlog=1# systemctl restart mariadb# netstat -anpt | grep 3306# mysql -u root -p ?change master to master_host=‘192.168.177.145‘,master_user=‘rep‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘mysql_bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=245; ?start slave; ?show slave status\G; ???Slave_IO_Running: Yes ???Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

大型网站架构之百万PV

原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/13620936/2152783