• 案例概述
  本案例设计采用四层模式来实现，主要分为前端反向代理、web层、数据库缓存层、数据库层。
  前端反向代理层采用主备模式，Web层采用群集模式，数据库缓存层采用主备模式，数据库层采用主备模式

• 架构拓扑图：实现是正常情况数据流向，虚线是异常情况下的数据流向。
  
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• 电脑配置有限 这里就将代理层、redis缓存数据层、mysql数据库层 合并在一起了

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• master、backup 服务器上配置
• keepalived+nginx安装配置
• 安装带有nginx rpm软件包的源

• 注意主从配置 3处不同，已经标注

  # rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/# ?nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

• 使用centos 默认仓库完成下面的安装

  # yum install -y keepalived nginx# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ????//从上修改三个参数! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs { ???route_id NGINX_HA ?????????????//备份为 NGINX_HB} ?//下面删除4行//触发脚本↓↓vrrp_script nginx { ???script "/opt/shell/nginx.sh" ??????interval 2}vrrp_instance VI_1 { ???state MASTER ??????????????//备份为BACKUP ???interface ens33 ???virtual_router_id 51 ???????????priority 100 ????????????????//备份优先级小于主 ???advert_int 1 ???authentication { ???????auth_type PASS ???????auth_pass 1111}track_script { ???nginx}virtual_ipaddress { ???192.168.200.200 ???}}# mkdir /opt/shell# vi /opt/shell/nginx.sh ?????//编写触发nginx启动的脚本 ???????#!/bin/bash ???????k=`ps -ef | grep keepalived | grep -v grep | wc -l` ???????if [ $k -gt 0 ];then ???????????/bin/systemctl start nginx.service ???????else ???????/bin/systemctl stop nginx.service ???????fi# chmod +x /opt/shell/nginx.sh

• 配置nginx前端调度功能

• 主备配置一样

  # vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf //在include 上面一行新增 upstream tomcat_pool { ???????????????????????????????server 192.168.200.130:8080; ???//web节点服务器 ???????????????????????????????server 192.168.200.131:8080; ???????????????????????????????ip_hash; ??????????#会话稳固功能，否则无法通过vip地址登陆 ???????????????} ???????????????server { ???????????????????????????????listen 80; ???????????????????????????????server_name 192.168.200.200; #虚拟出的IP ?????????????????????????????????location / { ???????????????????????????????????????????????proxy_pass http://tomcat_pool; ???????????????????????????????????????????????proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; ???????????????????????????????} ???}

  # nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf ?//测试配置文件语法# systemctl stop firewalld.service# setenforce 0# systemctl start keepalived.service ???//nginx启动会等待一会

• master、backup 服务器上配置

• 数据库的安装配置

  # yum install -y mariadb-server mariadb# systemctl start mariadb.service# systemctl enable mariadb.service# netstat -anpt | grep 3306# mysql_secure_installation ???//常规安全设置输入（ 回车 n n n n y）

• 导入数据库

  # mysql -u root -p ?< slsaledb-2014-4-10.sql# mysql -uroot -p# show databases;> GRANT all ON slsaledb.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘abc123‘;> flush privileges; 

• web服务器上配置

• 安装配置tomcat （节点服务器 ?两台都要做）

  # tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.23.tar.gz -C /opt# tar xf jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt# cp -rv jdk1.8.0_144/ /usr/local/java# vi /etc/profile ??//末尾添加下面4行 ???export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java ???export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jre ???export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/java/bin ???export CLASSPATH=./:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib# source /etc/profile# java -version ???//查看版本# cp -r apache-tomcat-8.5.23 /usr/local/tomcat8# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh /usr/bin/tomcatup# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/bin/tomcatdown# tomcatup ???//启动tomcat# netstat -anpt | grep 8080 ?//查看端口是否启动

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 ???# vi /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp //修改默认网页内容 ???????????<h1>Server 130</h1> ??//节点1的网页内容 ???????????<h1>Server 131</h1> ?//节点2的网页内容

• 在浏览器测试页面
• http://192.168.200.200/ 输入调度器地址，也就是虚拟地址，测试两台节点的调度情况。

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# cd /usr/local/tomcat8/conf/# vi server.xml ??//跳到行尾，在Host name下新增 ?在149行

<Context path="" docBase="SLSaleSystem" reloadable="true" debug="0"></Context>
日志调试信息debug为0表示信息越少，docBase指定访问目录 ??????# tomcatup ???//启动tomcat

# tomcatdown ???//停止tomcat# tomcatup ???//启动tomcat

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• 搭建商城网站

  # tar xf SLSaleSystem.tar.gz -C /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/# cd /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/SLSaleSystem/WEB-INF/classes# vi jdbc.properties ??//修改数据库IP地址是VRRP的虚拟IP，以及授权的用户名root和密码abc123。# tomcatdown ???//停止tomcat# tomcatup ???//启动tomcat

• 网站测试
• http://192.168.200.130:8080/ ???//默认的用户名admin 密码：123456
• http://192.168.200.131:8080/
• http://192.168.200.200 ?//输入虚拟地址测试登录，并且关闭主再测试登录

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• master、backup 服务器上配置

• 部署redis主从和群集

  # yum install -y epel-release# yum install redis -y# cat /etc/redis.conf | grep -v "^#" | grep -v "^$"# vi /etc/redis.conf ???bind 0.0.0.0 ???从服务器上266行多如下一行配置 ???slaveof 192.168.200.128 ?6379 ?//主服务器的IP不是虚拟IP# systemctl start redis.service# netstat -anpt | grep 6379# redis-cli -h 192.168.200.128 -p 6379 //测试连接192.168.200.128:6379> set name test ?//设置name 值是test192.168.175.128:6379> get name ?//获取name值# redis-cli -h 192.168.200.129 -p 6379 //登录从，获取值，成功说明主从同步成功192.168.200.129:6379> get name"test"

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• web服务器上配置

• 配置商城项目中连接redis的参数

  # vi /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/SLSaleSystem/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext-mybatis.xml ???47 ????????????????<constructor-arg value="192.168.200.200"/> ???48 ????????????????<constructor-arg value="6379"/># tomcatdown ???//停止tomcat# tomcatup ???//启动tomcat

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• master、backup 服务器上配置
• 测试redis缓存效果
• 登录商城，然后反复点击需要数据库参与的操作页面，再回来检查keyspace_hits或者keyspace_misses: 值变化

• keyspace_hits: ?或者 keyspace_misses://关注这个值，命中数和未命中数

  # redis-cli -h 192.168.200.200 -p 6379192.168.200.200:6379> info

  
  

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• 配置redis集群主从切换

• 只在主服务器是操作

  # redis-cli -h ?192.168.200.128 info Replication ??//获取当前服务器的角色

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vi /etc/redis-sentinel.conf (17行 ?68行 98行）

17 protected-mode no68 sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.200.128 6379 1 //1表示1台从 注意：修改98 sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000 //故障切换时间单位是毫秒# service redis-sentinel start //启动集群# netstat -anpt | grep 26379# redis-cli -h 192.168.200.128 -p 26379 info Sentinel ?//查看集群信息

• 验证主从切换

• 在主上

  # ?systemctl stop redis.service# redis-cli -h 192.168.200.128 -p 26379 info Sentinel //发现主变成了129

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• master、backup 服务器上配置
• 配置mysql主从复制

• mysql主服务器配置

  # vi /etc/my.cnf ?????// [mysqld]下 ???binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema ???character_set_server=utf8 ???log_bin=mysql_bin ???server_id=1 ???log_slave_updates=true ???sync_binlog=1

  # systemctl restart mariadb# netstat -anpt | grep 3306# mysql -u root> show master status; //记录日志文件名称和 位置值> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘rep‘@‘192.168.200.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;> flush privileges;

• mysql从服务器配置

  # vi /etc/my.cnf / /[mysqld]下 ???server_id=2# systemctl restart mariadb# netstat -anpt | grep 3306# mysql -u root> change master to master_host=‘192.168.200.128‘,master_user=‘rep‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘mysql_bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=245;> start slave;> show slave status\G; ???

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原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/13630803/2152335