这里提供两种方法来安装 netcdf：
一是 yum 安装，yum 安装时采用的是系统自带的 gfortran 编译器，版本较旧；
二是采用源码来 Makefile 编译安装的方式，它可以下载最新版的源码，并自行指定 Intel 或 PGI 编译器，适合自定义的需求。
O 系统环境
centOS 64位系统：centos-release-7-3.1611.el7.centos.x86_64
PGI 2017：PGI Compilers and Tools 17.4-0 64-bit target on x86-64 Linux -tp sandybridge
一 yum 安装 netcdf
在CentOS 下安装比较简单，两句命令即可：
[She@she-centos7 netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0]$ sudo yum install netcdf...========================================================================== Package ???????架构 ??????????版本 ???????????????????源 ???????????大小==========================================================================正在安装: netcdf ????????x86_64 ????????4.3.3.1-5.el7 ??????????epel ????????693 k为依赖而安装: hdf5 ??????????x86_64 ????????1.8.12-8.el7 ???????????epel ????????1.6 M事务概要==========================================================================安装 ?1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)...完毕！[She@she-centos7 netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0]$ sudo yum install netcdf-devel...依赖关系解决========================================================================== Package ???????????架构 ???????版本 ?????????????????????源 ????????大小==========================================================================正在安装: netcdf-devel ??????x86_64 ?????4.3.3.1-5.el7 ????????????epel ??????67 k为依赖而安装: hdf5-devel ????????x86_64 ?????1.8.12-8.el7 ?????????????epel ?????642 k libcurl-devel ?????x86_64 ?????7.29.0-35.el7.centos ?????base ?????299 k事务概要==========================================================================安装 ?1 软件包 (+2 依赖软件包)...完毕！
以上方法安装的 netcdf 版本为 4.3.3.1，是2015年的版本，比较老。
二 从源码编译安装 netcdf
下面采用编译安装的方式，保证每个模块都使用当前最新的版本。
(1). http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
(2). https://www.hdfgroup.org/downloads/hdf5/source-code/
(3). https://curl.haxx.se/download/curl-7.55.1.tar.gz
(4).
(5).
截止netcdf 4.1.3版本，C lib和fortran lib没有分开，从4.2版本开始分开。这就导致了netcdf-fortran-4.2的安装麻烦了一点。
需要依次安装 zlib，hdf5，netcdf，netcdf-c，netcdf-fortran。
1 安装 zlib
(1). 下载地址：http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
$ cd zlib-1.2.11$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/netcdf4 --sharedlibdir=/opt/pgi/linux86-64/17.4/libChecking for gcc...Checking for shared library support...Building shared library libz.so.1.2.11 with gcc.Checking for size_t... Yes.Checking for off64_t... Yes.Checking for fseeko... Yes.Checking for strerror... Yes.Checking for unistd.h... Yes.Checking for stdarg.h... Yes.Checking whether to use vs[n]printf() or s[n]printf()... using vs[n]printf().Checking for vsnprintf() in stdio.h... Yes.Checking for return value of vsnprintf()... Yes.Checking for attribute(visibility) support... Yes.
$ make
$ make check
$ sudo make install
$ make clean
2 安装 hdf5
下载地址：在网页 https://www.hdfgroup.org/downloads/hdf5/source-code/ 中选择版本 1.10.1，下载 gz 格式的文件。
$ cd hdf5-1.10.1
$ ./configure --with-zlib=/usr/local/netcdf4 --prefix=/usr/local/netcdf4
$ make
$ make check
$ make install...
?CC ??????H5Zdeflate.lo ?CC ??????H5Zfletcher32.lo ?CC ??????H5Znbit.lo ?CC ??????H5Zshuffle.lo ?CC ??????H5Zscaleoffset.lo ?CC ??????H5Zszip.lo ?CC ??????H5Ztrans.lo ?CCLD ????libhdf5.la/bin/ld: /usr/local/netcdf4/lib/libz.a(inflate.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against `zcfree‘ can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC/usr/local/netcdf4/lib/libz.a: error adding symbols: Bad valuecollect2: error: ld returned 1 exit statusmake[2]: *** [libhdf5.la] 错误 1make[2]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/hdf5-1.10.1/src”make[1]: *** [all] 错误 2make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/hdf5-1.10.1/src”make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
如果安装时没有提示上述错误，则跳过步骤“1.new” 和“2.new”，直接转至步骤3。
有关这个错误的原因及解决办法，可参见这里。
这个错误一般是64 位 电脑才会出现。
解决方法为重新安装 zlib 和 hdf5，即步骤“1.new” 和“2.new”：
cd zlib-1.2.11 //进入zlib目录CFLAGS="-O3 -fPIC" ./configure ??//使用64位元的方法进行编译
1.new 重新安装 zlib
$ CFLAGS="-O3 -fPIC" ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/netcdf4 --sharedlibdir=/opt/pgi/linux86-64/17.4/lib$ make check$ sudo make install[sudo] password for She: $ make clean
2.new 重新安装 hdf5
$ cd hdf5-1.10.1/$ ./configure --with-zlib=/usr/local/netcdf4 --prefix=/usr/local/netcdf4$ sudo make$ sudo make check$ sudo make install$ sudo make clean
3 安装netcdf
$ CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/netcdf4/include LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/netcdf4/lib \
?./configure --prefix=/usr/local/netcdf4 CC=pgcc FC=pgf90... ...# NetCDF C Configuration Summary==============================# General-------NetCDF Version: ???????4.4.1Configured On: ???????Wed Sep 27 13:34:01 CST 2017Host System: ???????x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuBuild Directory: ????/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1Install Prefix: ????????/usr/local/netcdf4# Compiling Options-----------------C Compiler: ???????/opt/pgi/linux86-64/17.4/bin/pgccCFLAGS: ???????????CPPFLAGS: ???????-I/usr/local/netcdf4/includeLDFLAGS: ???????-L/usr/local/netcdf4/libAM_CFLAGS: ???????AM_CPPFLAGS: ???????AM_LDFLAGS: ???????Shared Library: ???????yesStatic Library: ???????yesExtra libraries: ???-lhdf5_hl -lhdf5 -ldl -lm -lz -lcurl # Features--------NetCDF-2 API: ???????yesHDF4 Support: ???????noNetCDF-4 API: ???????yesNC-4 Parallel Support: ???noPNetCDF Support: ???noDAP Support: ???????yesDiskless Support: ???yesMMap Support: ???????noJNA Support: ???????no$ make$ make check...make ?check-TESTSmake[2]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/h5_test”make[3]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/h5_test”PASS: tst_h_filesPASS: tst_h_files2PASS: tst_h_files4PASS: tst_h_attsPASS: tst_h_atts3PASS: tst_h_atts4PASS: tst_h_varsPASS: tst_h_vars2PASS: tst_h_vars3PASS: tst_h_grpsPASS: tst_h_compoundsPASS: tst_h_compounds2PASS: tst_h_wrt_cmpPASS: tst_h_rd_cmpPASS: tst_h_vlPASS: tst_h_opaquesPASS: tst_h_stringsPASS: tst_h_strings1PASS: tst_h_strings2PASS: tst_h_intsFAIL: tst_h_dimscalesPASS: tst_h_dimscales1PASS: tst_h_dimscales2PASS: tst_h_dimscales3PASS: tst_h_enumsPASS: tst_h_dimscales4============================================================================Testsuite summary for netCDF 4.4.1============================================================================# TOTAL: 26# PASS: ?25# SKIP: ?0# XFAIL: 0# FAIL: ?1# XPASS: 0# ERROR: 0============================================================================See h5_test/test-suite.logPlease report to support-netcdf@unidata.ucar.edu============================================================================make[3]: *** [test-suite.log] 错误 1make[3]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/h5_test”make[2]: *** [check-TESTS] 错误 2make[2]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/h5_test”make[1]: *** [check-am] 错误 2make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/h5_test”make: *** [check-recursive] 错误 1$ sudo make install...Making install in CDLmake[2]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/examples/CDL”make[3]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/examples/CDL”make[3]: 对“install-exec-am”无需做任何事。make[3]: 对“install-data-am”无需做任何事。make[3]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/examples/CDL”make[2]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/examples/CDL”make[2]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/examples”make[3]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/examples”make[3]: 对“install-exec-am”无需做任何事。make[3]: 对“install-data-am”无需做任何事。make[3]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/examples”make[2]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/examples”make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1/examples”make[1]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1”make[2]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1” /usr/bin/mkdir -p ‘/usr/local/netcdf4/bin‘ /usr/bin/install -c nc-config ‘/usr/local/netcdf4/bin‘ /usr/bin/mkdir -p ‘/usr/local/netcdf4/lib/pkgconfig‘ /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 netcdf.pc ‘/usr/local/netcdf4/lib/pkgconfig‘ /usr/bin/mkdir -p ‘/usr/local/netcdf4/lib‘ /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 libnetcdf.settings ‘/usr/local/netcdf4/lib‘make ?install-data-hookmake[3]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1”+-------------------------------------------------------------+| Congratulations! You have successfully installed netCDF! ???|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| You can use script "nc-config" to find out the relevant ????|| compiler options to build your application. Enter ??????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| ????nc-config --help ???????????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| for additional information. ????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| CAUTION: ???????????????????????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| If you have not already run "make check", then we strongly ?|| recommend you do so. It does not take very long. ???????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| Before using netCDF to store important data, test your ?????|| build with "make check". ???????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| NetCDF is tested nightly on many platforms at Unidata ??????|| but your platform is probably different in some ways. ??????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| If any tests fail, please see the netCDF web site: ?????????|| http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/ ???????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| NetCDF is developed and maintained at the Unidata Program ??|| Center. Unidata provides a broad array of data and software || tools for use in geoscience education and research. ????????|| http://www.unidata.ucar.edu ????????????????????????????????|+-------------------------------------------------------------+make[3]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1”make[2]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1”make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-4.4.1”$ sudo make clean
4 安装 netcdf-c 库
[She@she-centos7 netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0]$ CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/netcdf4/include LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/netcdf4/lib \
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/netcdf4 CC=pgcc FC=pgf90[She@she-centos7 netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0]$ make
[She@she-centos7 netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0]$ make check...============================================================================Testsuite summary for netCDF-cxx4 4.3.0============================================================================# TOTAL: 7# PASS: ?7# SKIP: ?0# XFAIL: 0# FAIL: ?0# XPASS: 0# ERROR: 0============================================================================make[3]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0/examples”make[2]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0/examples”make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0/examples”Making check in docsmake[1]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0/docs”make[1]: 对“check”无需做任何事。make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0/docs”make[1]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0”make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0”[She@she-centos7 netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0]$ sudo make install ...+-------------------------------------------------------------+| Congratulations! You have successfully installed the ???????|| new netCDF-4 C++ Library ???????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| CAUTION: ???????????????????????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| If you have not already run "make check", then we strongly ?|| recommend you do so. It does not take very long. ???????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| Before using netCDF to store important data, test your ?????|| build with "make check". ???????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| If any tests fail, please see the netCDF web site: ?????????|| http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/ ???????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| NetCDF is developed and maintained at the Unidata Program ??|| Center. Unidata provides a broad array of data and software || tools for use in geoscience education and research. ????????|| http://www.unidata.ucar.edu ????????????????????????????????|+-------------------------------------------------------------+make[3]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0”make[2]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0”make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0”[She@she-centos7 netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0]$ make clean
5 添加 netcdf 的环境变量
[She@she-centos7 NetCDF]$ vi /home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/env_netcdf_LD.sh#!/bin/bash# setting for netcdf, edit by Sheexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/netcdf4/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}[She@she-centos7 NetCDF]$ sudo cp /home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/env_netcdf_LD.sh /etc/profile.d[sudo] password for She: [She@she-centos7 NetCDF]$ source /etc/profile.d/env_netcdf_LD.sh [She@she-centos7 NetCDF]$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH/usr/local/netcdf4/lib:6 安装netcdf-fortran 库
[She@she-centos7 NetCDF] cd netcdf-fortran-4.4.4
[She@she-centos7 netcdf-fortran-4.4.4]$ CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/netcdf4/include \
?LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/netcdf4/lib ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/netcdf4 CC=pgcc FC=pgf90[She@she-centos7 netcdf-fortran-4.4.4]$ make[She@she-centos7 netcdf-fortran-4.4.4]$ make checkMaking check in fortranmake[1]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4/fortran”make ?check-ammake[2]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4/fortran”make[2]: 对“check-am”无需做任何事。make[2]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4/fortran”make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4/fortran”Making check in nf_testmake[1]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4/nf_test”make ?nf_test tst_f77_v2 ftst_vars ftst_vars2 ftst_vars3 ftst_vars4 ftst_vars5 ftst_vars6 ftst_types ftst_types2 ftst_types3 ftst_groups ftst_path ftst_rengrps f90tst_vars tst_types tst_types2 f90tst_vars_vlen tst_f90_nc4 f90tst_grps f90tst_fill f90tst_fill2 f90tst_vars3 f90tst_vars4 f90tst_vars2 f90tst_path f90tst_rengrps ftst_v2 ???ftest tst_f90make[2]: 进入目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4/nf_test”pgf90 -I../fortran ??-I../fortran -g -c -o f03lib_f_interfaces.o ?f03lib_f_interfaces.f90/opt/pgi/linux86-64/17.4/bin/pgf77 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I../libsrc ??-I/usr/local/netcdf4/include -I../fortran ??-I../fortran -g -c -o test_get.o test_get.F/opt/pgi/linux86-64/17.4/bin/pgf77 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I../libsrc ??-I/usr/local/netcdf4/include -I../fortran ??-I../fortran -g -c -o test_put.o test_put.F/opt/pgi/linux86-64/17.4/bin/pgf77 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I../libsrc ??-I/usr/local/netcdf4/include -I../fortran ??-I../fortran -g -c -o nf_error.o nf_error.F/opt/pgi/linux86-64/17.4/bin/pgf77 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I../libsrc ??-I/usr/local/netcdf4/include -I../fortran ??-I../fortran -g -c -o nf_test.o nf_test.F/opt/pgi/linux86-64/17.4/bin/pgf77 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I../libsrc ??-I/usr/local/netcdf4/include -I../fortran ??-I../fortran -g -c -o test_read.o test_read.F/opt/pgi/linux86-64/17.4/bin/pgf77 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I../libsrc ??-I/usr/local/netcdf4/include -I../fortran ??-I../fortran -g -c -o test_write.o test_write.FPGFTN-S-0034-Syntax error at or near / (test_write.F: 167)PGFTN-S-0034-Syntax error at or near / (test_write.F: 197) ?0 inform, ??0 warnings, ??2 severes, 0 fatal for test_nf_redefmake[2]: *** [test_write.o] 错误 2make[2]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4/nf_test”make[1]: *** [check-am] 错误 2make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4/nf_test”make: *** [check-recursive] 错误 1[She@she-centos7 netcdf-fortran-4.4.4]$ sudo make install[sudo] password for She: ...+-------------------------------------------------------------+| Congratulations! You have successfully installed the netCDF || Fortran libraries. ?????????????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| You can use script "nf-config" to find out the relevant ????|| compiler options to build your application. Enter ??????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| ????nf-config --help ???????????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| for additional information. ????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| CAUTION: ???????????????????????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| If you have not already run "make check", then we strongly ?|| recommend you do so. It does not take very long. ???????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| Before using netCDF to store important data, test your ?????|| build with "make check". ???????????????????????????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| NetCDF is tested nightly on many platforms at Unidata ??????|| but your platform is probably different in some ways. ??????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| If any tests fail, please see the netCDF web site: ?????????|| http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/ ???????????????|| ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|| NetCDF is developed and maintained at the Unidata Program ??|| Center. Unidata provides a broad array of data and software || tools for use in geoscience education and research. ????????|| http://www.unidata.ucar.edu ????????????????????????????????|+-------------------------------------------------------------+make[3]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4”make[2]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4”make[1]: 离开目录“/home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/netcdf-fortran-4.4.4”[She@she-centos7 netcdf-fortran-4.4.4]$ make clean
7 再次添加 netcdf 终版的环境变量
[She@she-centos7 NetCDF]$ vi /home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/env_netcdf_final.sh#!/bin/bash# setting for netcdf, edit by Sheexport NETCDF=/usr/local/netcdf4export PATH=$PATH:$NETCDF/bin:$NETCDF/include:$NETCDF/libexport MANPATH=$MANPATH:$NETCDF/share/man[She@she-centos7 NetCDF]$ sudo cp /home/She/Downloads/NetCDF/env_netcdf_final.sh /etc/profile.d[sudo] password for She: [She@she-centos7 NetCDF]$ source /etc/profile.d/env_netcdf_final.sh
三 参考文献
1. 【CESM】1.2.0环境搭建扩充版
2. HDF5 Source Code
3. zlib download
4. curl release and download
5. netcdf-4.4.1 FTP source download
6. netcdf-cxx4-4.3.0.tar.gz FTP source download
7. netcdf-fortran-4.4.4.tar.gz FTP source download
8. CentOS 7 编译安装 WRF 3.8
9. 在linux下用fortran读取netcdf文件(以WRF模式输出的数据为例)
10. 延伸阅读：NCL基础讲解（一）——NCL简介
11. 延伸阅读：NCL基础讲解（二）——NCL安装与运行
CentOS 7系统上添加netcdf库
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/snake553/p/7455453.html