（1）maven依赖：添加spring-test和Junit4 jar包
对于jdk1.7版本，spring4版本，依赖如下：
<dependency> ???????????<groupId>junit</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>junit</artifactId> ???????????<version>4.12</version> ???????????<scope>test</scope> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> ???????????<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version></dependency>对于jdk1.8，spring 5，依赖如下:
<dependency> ???????????<groupId>junit</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>junit</artifactId> ???????????<version>4.12</version> ???????????<scope>test</scope> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> ???????????<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version></dependency>注意：这里的junit和spring-test版本号，否则报错;junit和spring-test之间具有版本对应关系（上面的对应关系是经过多次测试得到的）。
（2）编写单元测试：
package com.shang;import java.util.List;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4Cla***unner;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;import com.shang.pojo.Account;import com.shang.service.AccountService;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4Cla***unner.class)@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"}) ?public class TestController { ?@Autowired ?AccountService accountService; ?@Test ?public void test(){ ???List<Account> list=accountService.getAll(); ???System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(list)); ?}}
注意：（1）ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"}) ?中的applicationContext.xml的存储路径为：src/main/resources
（2）ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"，"其他路径"})中的locations中可以指定多个路径。
2.单元测试中的注释含义：
（1）@RunWith 注释是 Junit 提供的，用来说明此测试类的运行者，这里用了 SpringJUnit4Cla***unner，这个类是一个针对 Junit 运行环境的自定义扩展。
（2）@ContextConfiguration 注释是 Spring test context 提供的，用来指定 Spring 配置信息的来源，支持指定 XML 文件位置或者 Spring 配置类名，这里我们指定 classpath 下的 applicationContext.xml为配置文件的位置。
（3）@Autowired 进行对象的实例化，用来说明测试类是在 Spring 容器中管理的，可以获取容器的 bean进行注入，不用手工获取要测试的 bean 实例了。
3.完整的Spring MVC和单元测试的pom文件如下：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> ?<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> ?<groupId>com.shangh</groupId> ?<artifactId>SSM</artifactId> ?<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> ?<packaging>war</packaging><dependencies> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> ???????????<version>4.3.4.RELEASE</version> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> ???????????<version>4.3.4.RELEASE</version> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> ???????????<version>1.8.6</version> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ?????????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> ?????????????<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> ?????????????<version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version> ?????????</dependency> ?????????<dependency> ???????????????<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> ???????????????<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> ???????????????<version>1.2.3</version> ???????????</dependency> ??????<dependency> ?????????<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> ?????????<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> ?????????<version>3.2.7</version> ??????</dependency> ???????????????????????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> ???????????<version>4.3.4.RELEASE</version> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> ???????<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> ???????<version>4.3.4.RELEASE</version> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>jstl</artifactId> ???????????<version>1.2</version> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> ???????????<version>2.5</version> ???????????<scope>provided</scope> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> ???????????<version>2.2</version> ???????????<scope>provided</scope> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>mysql</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> ???????????<version>5.1.39</version> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>junit</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>junit</artifactId> ???????????<version>4.12</version> ???????????<scope>test</scope> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> ???????????<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>log4j</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>log4j</artifactId> ???????????<version>1.2.17</version> ???????</dependency> ???????<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson --> ???<dependency> ???????<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> ???????<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> ???????<version>1.2.47</version> ???</dependency> ???<dependency> ???????????<groupId>redis.clients</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>jedis</artifactId> ???????????<version>2.7.2</version> ???????</dependency> ?????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>spring-session-data-redis</artifactId> ???????????<version>1.2.2.RELEASE</version> ???????</dependency> ???</dependencies><build> ?????????<!-- 资源拷贝插件 --> ?????<resources> ???????????<resource> ???????????????<directory>src/main/java</directory> ???????????????<includes> ???????????????????<include>**/*.xml</include> ???????????????</includes> ???????????</resource> ???????????<resource> ???????????????<directory>src/main/resources</directory> ???????????????<includes> ???????????????????<include>**/*.xml</include> ???????????????????<include>**/*.properties</include> ???????????????</includes> ???????????</resource> ???????</resources> ????????<plugins> ?????????<plugin> ???????????????<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> ???????????????<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> ???????????????<version>2.2</version> ???????????????<!--控制tomcat端口号 --> ???????????????<configuration> ???????????????????<port>8080</port> ???????????????????<!-- 发布到tomcat后的名称 --> ????????????????????<!--/ 相当于把项目发布成ROOT --> ???????????????????<path>/abc</path> ???????????????????<uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding> ??????????????????<!-- ?<finalName>mgr</finalName> ???????????????????<server>tomcat7</server> --> ???????????????????<username>tomcat</username> ???????????????????<password>tomcat </password> ???????????????????<url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url> ???????????????</configuration> ???????????</plugin> ???????????</plugins> ????????</build></project>通过以上配置，就可以在spring中进行单元测试了。
4.单元测试配置时的错误
（1）org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4Cla***unner的解决
原因:依赖的jar包对应的版本不一致。
解决：（1）添加依赖：
<dependency> ???????????<groupId>junit</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>junit</artifactId> ???????????<version>4.12</version> ???????????<scope>test</scope> ???????</dependency> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>org.springframework</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> ???????????<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version> ???????</dependency>（2）右键根项目—maven—update dependencies.重新更新依赖关系,让工程可以找到最新的依赖。
Sping MVC 整合Junit4进行单元测试及常见错误解决
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/59465168/2299617