1. Webservice
Webservice是一套远程调用技术规范
远程调用RPC, 实现了系统与系统进程间的远程通信.
java领域有很多可实现远程通讯的技术，如：RMI(Socket + 序列化)、Binary-RPC(Http+二进制, 代表Hessian)、XML-RPC(Http+XML, 代表Burlap, WebService用的SOAP)、JMS(使用消息机制)、Mina(使用NIO)等, 底层都是基于http/socket和网络IO来实现的.
从效率上来讲, RMI > Hessian >> Burlap >> web service.
构成webservice的几个要素:
1.WSDL：web服务描述语言. 即webservice服务的使用说明书, 自动生成，无需编写
通过访问类似http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather?wsdl的地址可以查看
它长如下这样子, 阅读顺序从下往上
2.SOAP：简单对象访问协议 http post + xml
必有 envelope 标签，将XML文档标识为一条 SOAP 消息
必有 body 标签，传输的信息
可选 header 标签，包含头部信息
可选 fault 标签，提供有关在处理此消息所发生错误的信息
SOAP常用有1.1, 1.2两个版本. jdk的Jaxws只支持发布SOAP1.1服务.
如要SOAP1.2服务, 需要引入jaxws-ri, 并在实现类上加入注解@BindingType(SOAPBinding.SOAP12HTTP_BINDING)
3.UDDI：提供webservice服务的注册和搜索功能, 不实用
服务端
public interface WeatherInterface { ???public String queryWeather(String cityName);}// 实现类前加WebService注解
//@BindingType(SOAPBinding.SOAP12HTTP_BINDING)@WebServicepublic class WeatherImpl implements WeatherInterface { ???@Override ???public String queryWeather(String cityName) { ???????String weather = "晴"; ???????return weather; ???}}
public class WeatherServer { ???public static void main(String[] args) { ???????//Endpoint发布服务, 参数1: 服务地址, 参数2: 服务实现类 ???????Endpoint.publish("http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather", new WeatherImpl()); ???}}对于定义的服务实现类, 可以用注解进行修饰
@WebService 定义服务，在类上边
targetNamespace：指定命名空间
name：portType的名称
portName：port的名称
serviceName：服务名称
endpointInterface：如果一个服务类实现了多个服务接口，但只需要发布一个接口的方法，可通过此注解指定要发布服务的接口
@WebMethod 定义方法，在方法上边
operationName：方法名
exclude：设置为true表示此方法不是webservice方法，不会发布，默认是false
@WebResult 定义返回值，在方法返回值前边
name：返回结果值的名称
@WebParam 定义参数，在方法参数前边
name：指定参数的名称
客户端
首先, 用命令wsimport -s . http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather?wsdl生成支持类, 导入工程中
第一种使用方式 使用相关类
public class Client1 { ???public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ???????// WSDL的地址, 非服务地址 ???????URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather?wsdl"); ???????//创建服务名称 ???????//参数一: namespaceURI – WSDL文档中 ?types/targetNamespace ???????//参数二: localPart - 服务视图名, WSDL文档中 service-name ???????QName qname = new QName("http://WebXml.com.cn/", "WeatherWS"); ???????//创建服务视图 ???????//参数1: wsdlDocumentLocation ?WSDL地址 ???????//参数2: serviceName ?服务名称 ???????Service service = Service.create(url, qname); ???????//获取服务类 ?getPort(WSDL文档中portType-name) ???????WeatherWSSoap weatherWSSoap = service.getPort(WeatherWSSoap.class); ???????//调用方法 ??WSDL文档中portType-operation-name ???????String result = weatherWSSoap.queryWeather("北京"); ???????System.out.println(result); ???}}第二种使用方式 http工具访问
public class Client2 { ???public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ???????// 服务地址 ???????URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather"); ???????// 创建连接对象 ???????HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); ???????// 设置参数 ???????// Http发送方式：POST必须大写 ???????connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); ???????// content-type ???????connection.setRequestProperty("content-type", "text/xml;charset=utf-8"); ???????// 设置输入输出，默认connection没有读写权限， ???????connection.setDoInput(true); ???????connection.setDoOutput(true); ???????// 发送请求 ???????String soapXML = getXML("北京"); ???????OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream(); ???????os.write(soapXML.getBytes()); ???????// 接收响应 ???????int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode(); ???????if(200 == responseCode){ ???????????InputStream is = connection.getInputStream(); ???????????InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is); ???????????BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr); ???????????????????????StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); ???????????String temp = null; ???????????while(null != (temp = br.readLine())){ ???????????????sb.append(temp); ???????????} ???????????System.out.println(sb.toString()); ???????????????????????is.close(); ???????????isr.close(); ???????????br.close(); ???????} ???????os.close(); ???} ???????// 组织SOAP数据 ???public static String getXML(String cityName){ ???????String soapXML = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" ???????+"<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">" ???????????+"<soap:Body>" ???????????+"<getWeatherInfo xmlns=\"http://WebXml.com.cn/\">" ???????????????+"<cityName>"+cityName+"</cityName>" ?????????????+"<userID></userID>" ???????????+"</getWeatherInfo>" ?????????+"</soap:Body>" ???????+"</soap:Envelope>"; ???????return soapXML; ???}}第三种使用方式 浏览器访问
<!doctype html><html lang="en"> <head> ?<meta charset="UTF-8"> ?<title>Document</title> ?<script type="text/javascript"> ???function queryWeather() { ???????var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); ???????xhr.open("post", "http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather", true); ???????xhr.setRequestHeader("content-type","text/xml;charset=utf-8"); ???????//设置回调函数 ???????xhr.onreadystatechange=function(){ ???????????if(4 == xhr.readyState && 200 == xhr.status){ ???????????????alert(xhr.responseText); ???????????} ???????} ???????//组织SOAP协议数据 ???????var soapXML = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" ???????+"<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">" ???????????+"<soap:Body>" ???????????+"<getWeatherInfo xmlns=\"http://WebXml.com.cn/\">" ???????????????+"<cityName>"+document.getElementById("cityName").value+"</cityName>" ?????????????+"<userID></userID>" ???????????+"</getWeatherInfo>" ?????????+"</soap:Body>" ???????+"</soap:Envelope>"; ???????//发送数据 ???????xhr.send(soapXML); ???} ?</script> </head> <body> ??????天气查询:<input type="text" id="cityName"/> <input type="button" value="查询" onclick="javascript:queryWeather();"/> </body></html>2. CXF框架
CXF是一个开源的webservice框架
CXF支持SOAP1.1/1.2，REST 协议
CXF支持XML，JSON(仅REST下) 的数据格式
服务端 JAX-WS方式(SOAP)
//@BindingType(SOAPBinding.SOAP12HTTP_BINDING) ?默认发布SOAP1.1, 该注解发布SOAP1.2@WebServicepublic interface WeatherInterface { ???public String queryWeather(String cityName);}public class WeatherImpl implements WeatherInterface { ???@Override ???public String queryWeather(String cityName) { ???????String weather = "晴"; ???????return weather; ???}}//与spring整合后可不要该类public class WeatherServer { ???public static void main(String[] args) { ???????JaxWsServerFactoryBean jaxWsServerFactoryBean = new JaxWsServerFactoryBean(); ???????//设置服务接口 ???????jaxWsServerFactoryBean.setServiceClass(WeatherInterface.class); ???????//设置服务实现类 ???????jaxWsServerFactoryBean.setServiceBean(new WeatherImpl()); ???????//设置服务地址 ???????jaxWsServerFactoryBean.setAddress("http://127.0.0.1:12345/ws/weather"); ???????//发布 ???????jaxWsServerFactoryBean.create(); ???}}与web整合, spring+CXFservlet替代WeatherServer类
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ???xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws" ???xmlns:jaxrs="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs" xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core" ???xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans ????????????????????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd ???????????????????????????http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxrs.xsd ???????????????????????????http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd ???????????????????????????http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd"> ???????<!-- 服务实现类 --> ???<bean id ="weatherImpl" class="com.zx.server.WeatherImpl"/> ????????<!-- 拦截器 ?-- ???<bean id ="inIntercepter" class="org.apache.cxf.interceptor.LoggingInInterceptor"/> ???<bean id ="outIntercepter" class="org.apache.cxf.interceptor.LoggingOutInterceptor"/> ???--> ???????<!-- 方式1 用JaxWsServerFactoryBean发布SOAP协议的服务 --> ???<jaxws:server address="/weather" serviceClass="com.zx.server.WeatherInterface"> ???????<jaxws:serviceBean> ???????????<ref bean="weatherImpl"/> ?<!-- 实现类 --> ???????</jaxws:serviceBean> ???????<!-- 配置拦截器 -- ???????<jaxws:inInterceptors> ???????????<ref bean="inIntercepter"/> ???????</jaxws:inInterceptors> ???????<jaxws:outInterceptors> ???????????<ref bean="outIntercepter"/> ???????</jaxws:outInterceptors> ???????--> ???</jaxws:server> ???<!-- 方式2 用Endpoint发布SOAP协议的服务 --> ???????<jaxws:endpoint address="/weather" implementor="com.zx.server.WeatherImpl"/> ???????</beans>
endPoint 只支持发布实现类
JaxWsServerFactoryBean还可以发布接口
web.xml
?<!-- 配置CXF的Servlet --> ?<servlet> ?????<servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name> ?????<servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class> ?</servlet> ?<servlet-mapping> ?????<servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name> ?????<url-pattern>/ws/*</url-pattern> ?</servlet-mapping>
客户端
首先, 类似wsimport, 使用CXF下的Wsdl2java生成支持类, 导入工程中
public class WeatherClient { ???public static void main(String[] args) { ???????JaxWsProxyFactoryBean jaxWsProxyFactoryBean = new JaxWsProxyFactoryBean(); ???????//设置服务接口 ???????jaxWsProxyFactoryBean.setServiceClass(WeatherInterface.class); ???????//设置服务地址 ???????jaxWsProxyFactoryBean.setAddress("http://127.0.0.1:12345/ws/weather"); ???????//获取服务接口, 可与spring整合替代 ???????WeatherInterface weatherInterface = jaxWsProxyFactoryBean.create(WeatherInterface.class); ???????//调用查询方法 ???????String weather = weatherInterface.queryWeather("保定"); ???????System.out.println(weather); ???}}与spring整合后由spring生成weatherInterface实例
<!-- 用JaxWsProxyFactoryBean建立客户端 --> ???????<jaxws:client id="weatherClient" address="http://127.0.0.1:12345/ws/weather" serviceClass="com.zx.WeatherInterface"/>
服务端 JAX-RS方式(REST风格)
基础bean
@XmlRootElement(name="student") ?//能被格式化为XMLpublic class Student { ???private long id; ???private String name; ???private Date birthday; ???public getXXX(), setXXX(); ?// get set方法}服务接口
@WebService@Path("/student") //将请求路径“/student”映射到接口上public interface StudentInterface { ???@POST // 指定请求方式 GET / POST ???@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) //指定服务数据类型 XML / JSON ???@Path("/query/{id}") ?//将请求路径/query映射到方法上, 参数注入配合@PathParam注解 ???public Student query(@PathParam("id")long id); ???????@GET ???@Produces({"application/json;charset=utf-8",MediaType.APPLICATION_XML}) ?//同时指定json和xml, 添加访问参数?_type=json返回json; 添加?_type=xml返回XML ???@Path("/queryList/{name}") ???public List<Student> queryList(@PathParam("name")String name);}服务实现, 仅举例
public class StudentImpl implements StudentInterface { ???@Override ???public Student query(long id) { ???????Student st = new Student(); ???????st.setId(110); ???????st.setName("张三"); ???????st.setBirthday(new Date()); ???????return st; ???} ???@Override ???public List<Student> queryList(String name) { ???????Student st = new Student(); ???????st.setId(110); ???????st.setName("张三"); ???????st.setBirthday(new Date()); ???????List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>(); ???????list.add(st); ???????return list; ???}}发布
public class StudentServer { ???public static void main(String[] args) { ???????//JAXRSServerFactoryBean 发布REST的服务 ???????JAXRSServerFactoryBean jaxRSServerFactoryBean = new JAXRSServerFactoryBean(); ???????jaxRSServerFactoryBean.setServiceBean(new StudentImpl()); ???????jaxRSServerFactoryBean.setResourceClasses(StudentImpl.class); ???????jaxRSServerFactoryBean.setAddress("http://127.0.0.1:12345/ws/user"); ???????jaxRSServerFactoryBean.create(); ???}}与web整合, spring+CXFservlet替代StudentServer类
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ???xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws" ???xmlns:jaxrs="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs" xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core" ???xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans ????????????????????????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd ???????????????????????????http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxrs.xsd ???????????????????????????http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd ???????????????????????????http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd"> ???<!-- 配置服务实现类 --> ???<bean id = "studentImpl" class="com.zx.StudentImpl"/> ???????<!-- 使用JAXRSServerFactoryBean发布REST的服务 --> ???????<jaxrs:server address="/user"> ???????<jaxrs:serviceBeans> ???????????<ref bean="studentImpl"/> ???????</jaxrs:serviceBeans> ???</jaxrs:server></beans>
web.xml
?<!-- 配置CXF的Servlet --> ?<servlet> ?????<servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name> ?????<servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class> ?</servlet> ?<servlet-mapping> ?????<servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name> ?????<url-pattern>/ws/*</url-pattern> ?</servlet-mapping>
REST风格下WSDL访问网址为http://127.0.0.1:12345/ws/user?_wadl
Webservice与CXF框架快速入门
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/jswang/p/9054788.html