http-2.4
1）新特性 ???(1)MPM 支持运行为DSO 机制；以模块形式按需加载 ???(2)event MPM 生产环境可用 ???(3)异步读写机制 ???(4)支持每模块及每目录的单独日志级别定义 ???(5)每请求相关的专用配置 ???(6)增强版的表达式分析式 ???(7)毫秒级持久连接时长定义 ???(8)基于FQDN 的虚拟主机不需要NameVirutalHost 指令 ???(9)新指令，AllowOverrideList ???(10)支持用户自定义变量 ???(11)更低的内存消耗2）修改了一些配置机制 ???不再支持使用Order, Deny, Allow 来做基于IP 的访问控制3）新模块 ???(1) mod_proxy_fcgi ???????FastCGI Protocol backend for mod_proxy ???(2) mod_remoteip ???????Replaces the apparent client remote IP address and hostname for the request with the IP address list presented by a proxies or a load balancer via the request headers. ???(3) mod_ratelimit ???????Provides Bandwidth Rate Limiting for Clients ???????4）centos7 httpd程序环境 ???1）CentOS 7 ：httpd-2.4 ???2）安装方法：rpm ，编译安装 ???3）Rpm 安装的程序环境： ???????配置文件： ???????????/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ???????????/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf ???????模块相关的配置文件： ???????????/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf ???????systemd unit file ???????????/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service ???????主程序文件： ???????????/usr/sbin/httpd ???????????httpd-2.4 支持MPM ???????日志文件： ???????????/var/log/httpd ???????????access_log ：访问日志 ???????????error_log ：错误日志 ???????站点文档： ???????????/var/www/html ???????模块文件路径： ???????????/usr/lib64/httpd/modules ???????服务控制： ???????????systemctl ｛enable|disable｝ httpd.service ???????????systemctl {start|stop|restart|status} httpd.service5）配置 ???配置应用 ： ???(1)切换使用的MPM ???????Centos7: ???????????/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf ???????????启用要启用的MPM相关的LoadModule 指令即可 ???????centos6 编译安装: ???????????vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf ???????????????Include /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-mpm.conf ???????????????LoadModule mpm_event_module ???????????????modules/mod_mpm_event.so ???(2)主目录： ???????DocumentRoot /path ???(3)基于IP的访问控制: ???????无明确授权的目录，默认拒绝 ???????允许所有主机访问：Require all granted ???????拒绝所有主机访问：Require all denied ???????控制特定的IP访问： ???????????Require ip IPADDR：授权指定来源的IP访问 ???????????Require not ip IPADDR：拒绝特定的IP访问 ???????控制特定的主机访问： ???????????Require host HOSTNAME：授权特定主机访问 ???????????Require not host HOSTNAME：拒绝特定主机访问 ???????????????HOSTNAME： ???????????????????FQDN：特定主机 ???????????????????domin.tld：指定域名下的所有主机 ???????不能有失败，至少有一个成功匹配 ???????????<RequireAll> ???????????????Require all granted ???????????????Require not ip 172.16.100.2 ?拒绝特定IP ???????????</RequireAll> ???????多个语句有一个成功，即成功 ???????????<RequireAny> ???????????????…… ???????????</RequireAny> ???(4)虚拟主机 ???????基于FQDN 的虚拟主机也不再需要NameVirutalHost 指令 ???????<VirtualHost *:80> ???????????ServerName www.b.net ???????????DocumentRoot "/apps/b.net/htdocs" ???????????<Directory "/apps/b.net/htdocs"> ???????????????Options None ???????????????AllowOverride None ?##Apache是否允许另一配置文件覆盖现有配置文件。 ???????????????Require all granted ???????????</Directory> ???????</VirtualHost> ???????注意：任意目录下的页面只有显式授权才能被访问 ???(5) ssl: 安装mod_ssl，和httpd-2.2 相同配置 ???(6) KeepAlive on ???????KeepAliveTimeout ??#ms ???????MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 ???????毫秒级持久连接时长定义 ???（7）cento7上实现虚拟主机 ???????vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf ????????????<virtualhost *:80 > ???????????????servername www.a.com ???????????????documentroot "/app/a.com/" ???????????????ProxyPass "/" "http://www.a.com:8080/" ????##请求转发 ???????????????ProxyPassReverse "/" "http://www.a.com:8080/" ?##配置总是和ProxyPass 一致，它的作用在于反向代理，如果响应中有302重定向，ProxyPassReverse就派上用场。 ???????????????<directory /app/a.com> ???????????????????Require all granted ???????????????</directory> ???????????</virtualhost> ???????????????????????listen 8080 ???????????<virtualhost *:8080 > ???????????????servername www.b.com ???????????????documentroot "/app/b.com/" ???????????????<directory /app/b.com> ???????????????????Require all granted ???????????????</directory> ???????????</virtualhost> ???????????????????????<virtualhost *:80 > ???????????????servername www.c.com ???????????????<directory /app/c.com> ???????????????????Require all granted ???????????????</directory> ???????????????documentroot "/app/c.com/" ???????????</virtualhost>在centos6编译安装httpd-2.4 ???安装httpd-2.4 ???????依赖于apr-1.4+, apr-util-1.4+, [apr-iconv] ???????apr:apache portable runtime ，解决跨平台实现 ???????CentOS 6 ：默认：apr-1.3.9, apr-util-1.3.9 ???安装前准备开发包： ???????开发环境包组： ???????????Development Tools,Server ???????????开发程序包：pcre-devel ，openssl-devel ???下载源代码并解压缩： ???????http://www.apache.org/index.html#projects-list ???????????apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2 ???????????apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2 ???????????httpd-2.4.27.tar.bz2 ???????(1) 安装apr-1.4+ ???????????./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr ???????????make && make install ???????(2) 安装apr-util-1.4+ ???????????./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr ???????????make && make install ???????(3) 编译安装httpd-2.4 ???????????./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork ???????????make && make install ???或者下面方法 ???????1》mv apr-1.5.2/ httpd-2.4.27/srclib/apr ???????2》mv apr-util-1.5.4/ httpd-2.4.27/srclib/apr-util ???????3》cd httpd-2.4.27/ ???????4》./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd24 --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-included-apr --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork ???????5》Make && make install ???????6》Httpd 编译过程：/usr/local/apache24/build/config.nice ???????7》自带的服务控制脚本：/usr/local/httpd24/bin/apachectl ???????8》vim /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh ???????????export PATH=/app/http24/bin:$PATH ???????9》vim /etc/man.config ???????????MANPATH /usr/local/apache24/man ???????10》自定义启动脚本( 参考httpd-2.2 的服务脚本) ???????????cp /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd24 ???????????vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd24 ???????????????apachectl=/usr/local/httpd24/bin/apachectl ???????????????httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/httpd24/bin/httpd} ???????????????pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/httpd24/logs/httpd.pid} ???????????????lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd24} ???????????chkconfig –add httpd24 ;chkconfig –list httpd24