在这里通过定义了三个类,Special、Classroom、Student来做测试,Special与Classroom是一对多,Classroom与Student是一对多的关系,这里仅仅贴出这三个bean的属性代码:
Special类:
public class Special{ ???private int id; ???private String name; ???private String type; ???private Set<Classroom> rooms; ???..........}
Classroom类:
public class Classroom{ ???private int id; ???private String name; ???private Special special; ???private Set<Student> students; ?............}
Student类:
public class Student{ ???private int id; ???private String name; ???private String sex; ???private Classroom room; ???..........}
1.最简单的查询
List<Special> specials = (List<Special>)session.createQuery("select spe from Special spe").list();
这是hql最基本的查询语句了,作用就是查出所有的Special对象放到一个List当中
2.基于 ? 的参数化形式
/** ????????????* 查询中使用?,通过setParameter的方式可以防止sql注入 ????????????* jdbc的setParameter的下标从1开始,hql的下标从0开始 ????????????*/ ???????????List<Student> students = (List<Student>)session.createQuery("select stu from Student stu where name like ?") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.setParameter(0, "%刘%") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list();
在hql中同样支持基于 ? 的参数化形式查询,注意:在jdbc中,setParameter的下标是从1开始的,而hibernate的setParameter的下标是从0开始的。
3.基于 :xx 的别名的方式设置参数
/** ????????????* 在hql中可以使用别名的方式来查询,格式是 :xxx 通过setParameter来设置别名 ????????????*/ ???????????List<Student> students = (List<Student>)session.createQuery("select stu from Student stu where name like :name and sex like :sex") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.setParameter("name", "%王%").setParameter("sex", "%男%") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list();
4.如果返回的值只有一个,可以使用uniqueResult方法
/** ????????????* 如果得到的值只有一个,则可以使用uniqueResult方法 ????????????*/ ???????????Long stu = (Long)session.createQuery("select count(*) from Student stu where name like :name and sex like :sex") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.setParameter("name", "%王%").setParameter("sex", "%男%") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.uniqueResult(); /** ????????????* 如果得到的值只有一个,则可以使用uniqueResult方法 ????????????*/ ???????????Student stu = (Student)session.createQuery("select stu from Student stu where id = ?") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.setParameter(0, 1) ???????????????????????????????????????????????.uniqueResult();
5.基于投影的查询
/** ????????????* 基于投影的查询,如果返回多个值,这些值都是保存在一个object[]数组当中 ????????????*/ ???????????List<Object[]> stus = (List<Object[]>)session.createQuery("select stu.name, stu.sex from Student stu where name like
:name and sex like :sex") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.setParameter("name", "%张%").setParameter("sex", "%男%") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list();
6.基于导航对象的查询
/** ????????????* 如果对象中有导航对象,可以直接通过对象导航查询 ????????????*/ ???????????List<Student> stus = (List<Student>)session.createQuery("select stu from Student stu where stu.room.name like :room and sex like :sex") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.setParameter("room", "%计算机应用%").setParameter("sex", "%女%") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list();
注意:若直接通过导航对象来查询时,其实际是使用cross join(笛卡儿积)来进行连接查询,这样做性能很差,不建议使用
7.使用 in 进行列表查询
/** ????????????* 可以使用in设置基于列表的查询,使用in查询时需要使用别名来进行参数设置, ????????????* 通过setParameterList方法即可设置,在使用别名和?的hql语句查询时,?形式的查询必须放在别名前面 ????????????*/// ???????????List<Student> stus = (List<Student>)session.createQuery("select stu from Student stu where sex like ? and stu.room.id in (:room)")// ???????????????????????????????????????????????.setParameter(0, "%女%").setParameterList("room", new Integer[]{1, 2})// ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list(); ?????????List<Student> stus = (List<Student>)session.createQuery("select stu from Student stu where stu.room.id in (:room) and stu.sex like :sex") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.setParameterList("room", new Integer[]{1, 2}).setParameter("sex", "%女%") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list();
在使用 in 进行列表查询时,这个时候要通过 setParameterList() 方法来设置我们的参数,注意:如果一个参数通过别名来传入,一个是通过 ? 的方式来传入的话,那么通过别名的hql语句以及参数设置语句要放在 ? 的后面,不然hibernate会报错。如果都是使用 别名 来设置参数,则无先后顺序
8.分页查询
/** ????????????* 通过setFirstResult(0).setMaxResults(10)可以设置分页查询,相当于offset和pagesize ????????????*/ ???????????List<Student> stus = (List<Student>)session.createQuery("select stu from Student stu where stu.room.name like :room and sex like :sex") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.setParameter("room", "%计算机应用%").setParameter("sex", "%女%").setFirstResult(0).setMaxResults(10) ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list();
9.内连接查询
/** ????????????* ???使用对象的导航查询可以完成连接查询,但是使用的是Cross Join(笛卡儿积),效率不高,所以建议使用join来查询 ????????????*/ ???????????List<Student> stus = (List<Student>)session.createQuery("select stu from Student stu join stu.room room where room.id=2") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list();
在hql中使用连接查询的语句与我们的sql进行连接查询的语句是有区别的:
hql: ???select stu from Student stu join stu.room roomsql: ???select t.* from Student t join Classroom c on t.cid=c.id
10.左外连和右外连查询
/** ????????????* ???左外连和右外连其实是相对的,left join 就是以左边的表为基准, right join 就是以右边的表为基准 ????????????*/ ???????????List<Object[]> stus = (List<Object[]>)session.createQuery("select room.name, count(stu.room.id) from Student stu right join stu.room room group by room.id") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list();
11.创建DTO类,将查询出来的多个字段可以存放到DTO对象中去
/** ????????????* ???当如果我们查询出多个字段的话,通常会创建一个DTO对象,用来存储我们查询出来的数据,通过 new XXX() 这样的方式 ????????????* ???前提是XXX这个类里面必须要有接受这些字段的构造方法才行,而且必须要使用类的全名 ????????????*/// ???????????List<Object[]> stus = (List<Object[]>)session.createQuery("select stu.id,stu.name,stu.sex,room.name,special.name from Student stu left join stu.room room left join room.special special")// ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list();// ???????????for(Object[] obj : stus)// ???????????{// ???????????????System.out.println(obj[0] + ", " + obj[1] + ", " + obj[2] + ", " + obj[3] + ", " + obj[4]);// ???????????}
???????????List<StudentDTO> stus = (List<StudentDTO>)session.createQuery("select new com.xiaoluo.bean.StudentDTO(stu.id, stu.name, stu.sex, room.name, special.name) from Student stu left join stu.room room left join room.special special")
.list();
12.group having字句
/** ????????????* 在hql中不能通过给查询出来的字段设置别名,别名只能设置在from 后面 ????????????*/ ???????????List<Object[]> stus = (List<Object[]>)session.createQuery("select special.name, count(stu.room.special.id) from Student stu right join stu.room.special special group by special.id having count(stu.room.special.id)>150") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list(); // 查询出人数大于150个人的专业
// 查询出每个专业中男生与女生的个数
List<Object[]> stus = (List<Object[]>)session.createQuery("select special.name, stu.sex, count(stu.room.special.id) from Student stu right join stu.room.special special group by special.id,stu.sex") ???????????????????????????????????????????????.list();
基本上用到的hql查询语句就是这些,以后若再遇到会进行补充。
hibernate的hql查询语句总结
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/pingxin/p/p00041.html