问题
前端小同学在做页面的时候,犯了个常见的错误:把多个Ajax请求顺序着写下来了,而后面的请求,对前面请求的返回结果,是有依赖的。如下面的代码所示:
var someData;$.ajax({ ???????????url: ‘/prefix/entity1/action1‘, ???????????type: ‘GET‘ , ???????????async: true, ???????????contentType: "application/json", ???????????success: function (resp) { ???????????????//do something on response ??????????????someData.attr1 = resp.attr1; ???????????}, ???????????error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) { ???????????????//在这个页面里,所有的请求的错误都做同样的处理 ???????????????if (XMLHttpRequest.status == "401") { ???????????????????window.location.href = ‘/login.html‘; ???????????????} else { ???????????????????alert(XMLHttpRequest.responseText); ???????????????} ???????????} ???????});$.ajax({ ???????????url: ‘/prefix/entity2/action2‘, ???????????type: ‘POST‘ , ???????????dataType: "json", ???????????data: JSON.stringify(someData), ???????????async: true, ???????????contentType: "application/json", ???????????success: function (resp) { ???????????????//do something on response ????????????}, ???????????error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) { ???????????????//在这个页面里,所有的请求的错误都做同样的处理 ???????????????if (XMLHttpRequest.status == "401") { ???????????????????window.location.href = ‘/login.html‘; ???????????????} else { ???????????????????alert(XMLHttpRequest.responseText); ???????????????} ???????????} ???????});
以上代码有两个问题:
*首先就是执行顺序不能保证,action2很可能在action1返回之前就发出了,导致someData.attr1这个参数没能正确传出
*其次两个ajax请求的代码重复很严重
思路
- 代码重复的问题相对好解决,尤其是在自己的项目里,各种参数可以通过规范定死,封装一个参数更少的ajax方法就好了
1 //url:地址 2 //data:数据对象,在函数内部会转化成json串,如果没传,表示用GET方法,如果传了,表示用POST方法 3 function ajax(url, data, callback) { 4 ????????$.ajax({ 5 ????????????url: url, 6 ????????????type: data == null ? ‘GET‘ : ‘POST‘, 7 ????????????dataType: "json", 8 ????????????data: data == null ? ‘‘ : JSON.stringify(data), 9 ????????????async: true,10 ????????????contentType: "application/json",11 ????????????success: function (resp) {12 ????????????????callback(resp);13 ????????????},14 ????????????error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {15 ????????????????if (XMLHttpRequest.status == "401") {16 ????????????????????window.parent.location = ‘/enterprise/enterprise_login.html‘;17 ????????????????????self.location = ‘/enterprise/enterprise_login.html‘;18 ????????????????} else {19 ????????????????????alert(XMLHttpRequest.responseText);20 ????????????????}21 ????????????}22 ????????});23 }
- 这样只有url,data和callback三个必要的参数要填,其他都定死了
- 执行顺序的问题,可以把第二个请求放在第一个请求的回调里,形如:
1 ajax(‘/prefix/entity1/action1‘,null, function(resp){2 ?????//do something on response3 ?????someData.attr1 = resp.attr1;4 ?????ajax(‘/prefix/entity2/action2‘, someData, function(resp){5 ??????????//do something on response6 ?????}7 };
至此问题似乎解决得很完美,但可以想见,如果请求不止两个,而是4、5个,同时还有其他异步操作(比如我们的页面里有Vue对象的初始化),相互之间有依赖关系,光是这样层层叠叠的括号嵌套,就已经让人头晕了。
需要找到一种方法,让异步调用的表达看起来像同步调用一样。
正好最近看了阮一峰老师关于ES6的书,而且用户也没有强硬要求兼容IE浏览器,于是就选择了Promise的方案
解决方案
引入Promise
其实现代浏览器都已经内置支持了Promise,连第三方库都不需要了,只有IE不行,放弃了改造ajax封装函数,在成功的时候调用resolve(),失败的时候调用reject(),并且返回Promise对象
1 function ajax(url, data, callback) { 2 ????var p = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { 3 ????????$.ajax({ 4 ????????????url: url, 5 ????????????type: data == null ? ‘GET‘ : ‘POST‘, 6 ????????????dataType: "json", 7 ????????????data: data == null ? ‘‘ : JSON.stringify(data), 8 ????????????async: true, 9 ????????????contentType: "application/json",10 ????????????success: function (resp) {11 ????????????????callback(resp);12 ????????????????resolve();13 ????????????},14 ????????????error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {15 ????????????????if (XMLHttpRequest.status == "401") {16 ????????????????????window.parent.location = ‘/enterprise/enterprise_login.html‘;17 ????????????????????self.location = ‘/enterprise/enterprise_login.html‘;18 ????????????????} else {19 ????????????????????alert(XMLHttpRequest.responseText);20 ????????????????}21 ????????????????reject();22 ????????????}23 ????????});24 ????});25 ????return p;26 }
- 修改调用端
1 ajax(‘/prefix/entity1/action1‘,null, function(resp){ 2 ?????//do something on response 3 ?????someData.attr1 = resp.attr1; 4 }).then( 5 ?????ajax(‘/prefix/entity2/action2‘, someData, function(resp){ 6 ??????????//do something on response 7 ?????} 8 ).then( 9 ?????initVue() ;10 ).then(11 ?????//do ?something else12 )
至此完美解决。
经@miroki 提醒,发现Jquery从1.5版开始,返回的就是thenable对象了,那么ajax函数可以直接返回$.ajax()的返回值
本文转自:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000008486570
用Promise解决多个异步Ajax请求导致的代码嵌套问题【转】
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/mmzuo-798/p/7821716.html