Quartz.NET是一个被广泛使用的开源作业调度框架 , 由于是用C#语言创建，可方便的用于winform和asp.net应用程序中。Quartz.NET提供了巨大的灵活性但又兼具简单性。开发人员可用它快捷的创建并执行一个自动化作业。Quartz.NET有很多特征，如：数据库支持，集群，插件，支持cron-like表达式等。
1 为什么选择Quartz.NET
在大部分的应用中,都需要对数据库进行定期备份 , 这个备份任务可以是每天晚上12:00或者每周星期二晚上12:00，或许仅仅每个月的最后一天执行。如果应用程序中需要这样的自动化执行任务 , 那么建议使用Quartz.NET调度器作为框架,为我们提供基础服务。 Quartz.NET允许开发人员根据时间间隔（或天）来调度作业 , 它实现了作业和触发器的多对多关系，还能把多个作业与不同的触发器关联。整合了 Quartz.NET的应用程序可以重用来自不同事件的作业，还可以为一个事件组合多个作业.
2 如何创建一个简单的Quartz.NET
2.1 创建桌面应用程序并添加类库
用VS2012创建一个QuartzDemo的桌面应用程序 , 并用NuGet程序包管理添加Quartz.NET , 添加好类库后 , 项目文件如下图所示:
Quartz依赖库为Common.Logging和Common.Logging.Core , 二者需要一并导入 . 然后修改Form1的标题为QuartzDemo.
2.2 Form1定制
在Form1设计视图上 , 为该窗体添加一个TextBox和Panel , 并设置相关属性(背景色,字体等) , 如下图所示:
为了直观的执行定期任务 , 我们添加一个时序图(用Oxyplot控件) , 这里下载并引用Oxyplot.在Form1.cs文件中 ,首先引入需要的命名空间:
1 ????using Quartz;2 ????using Quartz.Impl;3 ????using Quartz.Job;4 ????using System.Threading;5 6 ????using OxyPlot;7 ????using OxyPlot.Axes;8 ????using OxyPlot.Series;
重载一个带参数的Form1构造方法:
1 ????????private bool isFirst = true; 2 ????????public Form1(string msg) 3 ????????{ 4 ????????????InitializeComponent(); 5 ????????????_msg = msg; 6 ????????????try 7 ????????????{ 8 ????????????????//启动 scheduler 9 ????????????????scheduler.Start();10 ????????????????// 定义一个job并和自定义的HelloJob进行绑定11 ????????????????IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<HelloJob>()12 ????????????????????.WithIdentity("HelloJob", "SimpleGroup")13 ????????????????????.Build();14 ????????????????#region Cron Expressions15 ???????????????// ITrigger trigger2 = TriggerBuilder.Create()16 ???????????????//.WithIdentity("trigger3", "group1")17 ???????????????//.WithCronSchedule(" 0 0/5 * * * ?", x => x18 ???????????????// ???.WithMisfireHandlingInstructionFireAndProceed())19 ???????????????//.ForJob("job1", "group1")20 ???????????????//.Build();21 ????????????????#endregion22 23 ????????????????//定义一个即时触发的触发器,（每隔1秒进行重复执行）24 ????????????????ITrigger trigger= TriggerBuilder.Create()25 ????????????????????.WithIdentity("trigger1", "SimpleGroup")26 ????????????????????.StartNow()27 ????????????????????.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x28 ????????????????????????.WithIntervalInSeconds(1)29 ????????????????????????.RepeatForever())30 ????????????????????.Build();31 ????????????????// 将job和trigger进行绑定，并告知 quartz 调度器用trigger去执行job 32 ????????????????scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger);33 ????????????}34 ????????????catch (SchedulerException se)35 ????????????{36 ????????????????Console.WriteLine(se);37 ????????????}38 ???????39 ????????}在Form1的FormClosed事件,即窗体关闭后,将scheduler关闭:
1 ????????private void Form1_FormClosed(object sender, FormClosedEventArgs e)2 ????????{3 ????????????//关闭 scheduler4 ????????????scheduler.Shutdown();5 ????????}在窗体加载时,创建一个时序图:
1 ????????public OxyPlot.WindowsForms.PlotView ?Plot; 2 ????????private LineSeries lineSeries = new LineSeries { Title = "即时监控（1秒）", StrokeThickness =2 }; 3 ????????private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 4 ????????{ 5 ????????????Plot = new OxyPlot.WindowsForms.PlotView(); 6 ????????????Plot.Model = new PlotModel(); 7 ????????????Plot.Dock = DockStyle.Fill; 8 ????????????this.panel1.Controls.Add(Plot); 9 10 ????????????Plot.Model.PlotType = PlotType.XY;11 ????????????Plot.Model.Background = OxyColor.FromRgb(255, 255, 255);12 ????????????Plot.Model.TextColor = OxyColor.FromRgb(0, 0, 0);13 ????????????14 ????????????// add Series and Axis to plot model15 ????????????Plot.Model.Series.Add(lineSeries);16 ????????????Plot.Model.Axes.Add(new LinearAxis());17 ????????}定义一个SetMsg方法来更新消息:
1 ????????private double xInit = 0; 2 ????????public bool SetMsg(string msg) 3 ????????{ 4 ????????????_msg = msg; 5 ????????????//号称NET4最简单的跨进程更新UI的方法 6 ????????????this.Invoke((MethodInvoker)delegate 7 ????????????{ 8 ????????????????// runs on UI thread 9 ????????????????if (isFirst)10 ????????????????{11 ????????????????????this.txtLog.AppendText("Hello to Quartz NET ! Created by JackWang 2015");12 ????????????????????isFirst = false;13 ????????????????}14 ????????????????this.txtLog.AppendText(string.Format("\r\n$JackWang>> You get {0} message from Quartz MyJob...", _msg));15 ????????????????xInit = xInit + 1;16 ????????????????lineSeries.Points.Add(new DataPoint(xInit,double.Parse(_msg)));17 ????????????????if (lineSeries.Points.Count > 50)18 ????????????????{19 ????????????????????//保留最近50个点20 ????????????????????lineSeries.Points.RemoveAt(0);21 ????????????????}22 ?????????????????//更新图表数据23 ????????????????this.Plot.Model.InvalidatePlot(true);24 ???????????????25 ????????????});26 ????????????return true;27 28 ????????}2.3 定义一个HelloJob
在带参数的Form1构造方法中 , 创建的HelloJob的定义为:
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Windows.Forms; 6 namespace QuartzDemo 7 { 8 ????using Quartz; 9 ????using Quartz.Impl;10 ????using Quartz.Job;11 ????public ?class HelloJob : IJob12 ????{13 ????????private static Form1 __instance = null;14 ????????public ?void Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)15 ????????{16 ??????????17 ????????????if (isOpen("Form1"))18 ????????????{19 ????????????????//获取当前Form1实例20 ????????????????__instance = (Form1)Application.OpenForms["Form1"];21 ????????????????//随机生成小于100的数22 ????????????????string num = new Random().Next(100).ToString();23 ????????????????//通过方法更新消息24 ????????????????__instance.SetMsg(num);25 ????????????}26 ????????????else27 ????????????{28 ????????????????//__instance = new Form1("0");29 ????????????????//__instance.Show();30 ??????????????31 ????????????}32 ????????33 ????????}34 ????????/// <summary>35 ????????/// 判断窗体是否打开36 ????????/// </summary>37 ????????/// <param name="appName"></param>38 ????????/// <returns></returns>39 ????????private ?bool isOpen(string appName)40 ????????{41 ????????????FormCollection collection = Application.OpenForms;42 ????????????foreach (Form form in collection)43 ????????????{44 ????????????????if (form.Name == appName)45 ????????????????{46 ????????????????????return true;47 ????????????????}48 ????????????}49 ????????????return false;50 ????????}51 ????}52 }注意修改Program.cs中用带参数的Form1构建方法进行实例创建:
1 ????????[STAThread]2 ????????static void Main()3 ????????{4 ????????????Application.EnableVisualStyles();5 ????????????Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);6 ????????????Application.Run(new Form1("0"));7 ????????}3 最终效果
最终效果如下 , 每隔1秒,就是用随机的数来更新文本框和图表中的内容:
值得注意的是,如果用下面的代码格式,必须保证二者的名称完全一致,否则无法实现任务和触发器的绑定.
Quartz.NET开源作业调度框架系列(一):快速入门step by step-转
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/micro-chen/p/7942020.html