中间件
中间件在asp.net core中非常重要,它用来处理httpcontext。而httpcontext封装了请求和响应。也就是说,中间件是用来处理请求和响应的。
本质上,中间件被封装到了IApplicationBuilder这个接口中,他的实现类是ApplicationBuilder。源码在github:https://github.com/aspnet/HttpAbstractions
ApplicationBuilder有两个方法和一个字段比较重要:
private readonly IList<Func<RequestDelegate, RequestDelegate>> _components = new List<Func<RequestDelegate, RequestDelegate>>();
public IApplicationBuilder Use(Func<RequestDelegate, RequestDelegate> middleware) ???????{ ???????????_components.Add(middleware); ???????????return this; ???????}
public RequestDelegate Build() ???????{ ???????????RequestDelegate app = context => ???????????{ ???????????????context.Response.StatusCode = 404; ???????????????return Task.CompletedTask; ???????????}; ???????????foreach (var component in _components.Reverse()) ???????????{ ???????????????app = component(app); ???????????} ???????????return app; ???????}
这个_components字段就是中间件的一个集合,在Startup类中,通过app.Use()和Run()还有Use***MIddleware等扩展方法,在背后是通过ApplicationBuilder这个类的本身的Use方法来转换成一个Func<RequestDelegate,RequestDelegate>,然后添加到_components这个字段上的。比如说我们会在Startup类中写这样的中间件(毫无意义的代码,纯粹是为了演示):
app.Use(async (context, next) => ???????????{ ???????????????await context.Response.WriteAsync("when a \n"); ???????????????await next(); ???????????????await context.Response.WriteAsync("after a \n"); ???????????});
这段代码中,app.Use是一个扩展方法,给这个方法传入了一个Func<HttpContext,Func<Task>,Task>,而这个扩展方法如下:
public static IApplicationBuilder Use(this IApplicationBuilder app, Func<HttpContext, Func<Task>, Task> middleware) ???????{ ???????????return app.Use(next => ???????????{ ???????????????return context => ???????????????{ ???????????????????Func<Task> simpleNext = () => next(context); ???????????????????return middleware(context, simpleNext); ???????????????}; ???????????}); ???????}
在这个扩展方法的内部,还是最终调用了ApplicationBuilder的Use方法(不是扩展方法),这个方法在内部通过Func<Task> simpleNext = () => next(context);这段代码把传入的Func<HttpContext, Func<Task>, Task>中的Func<Task>参数转化成了内部的调用(有一些拗口,意思就是转化了一下,以便这个中间件能够继续调用HttpContext)最终,才调用传入的middleware。然后,将这个委托返回,最终,添加到了_component字段上面。
asp.net core 中间件粗解
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/pangjianxin/p/9833676.html