一,准备工作
1,netty-all-4.1.5.Final.jar(官网下载)
2,eclipse
二,步骤概要
1,服务器开发
(1),创建Server类
该类是程序的主入口,有main方法,服务器开启也是在此执行。
该类主要是提供了channel链接,绑定了端口。
该类需要new一个Initalizer类来完成服务器开启。
(2),创建Initalizer类
该类是初始化类,主要是创建了传输通道ChannelPipeline,然后在通道中加入了一些列的Handler,其中解码和编码Handler是Netty自带的辅助类,在最后假如了自定义业务控制器类。
(3),创建Handler类
该类是自定义的业务控制器,需要的逻辑都在这里实现,例如收到信息如何处理,断开连接如何发送消息等。
2,客户端开发
和服务器端开发类似,不同在于:
(1),client类(对应服务器的server类)只需要一个EventLoopGroup,而服务器类需要两个。
(2),编码解码器要和服务器一致。
三,具体实现
1,项目树形图
服务器端和客户端分别有三个类,HelloClient是客户端主入口,HelloServer是服务器端主入口。
2,服务器代码
(1),HelloServer
package org.example.hello;import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;public class HelloServer { ???????/** ????* 服务端监听的端口地址 ????*/ ???private static final int portNumber = 7878; ???????public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { ???????//开启两个事件循环组,事件循环组会自动构建EventLoop,服务器一般开启两个,提高效率 ???????EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); ???????EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); ???????try { ??????????//Netty的引导类,用于简化开发 ???????????ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); ??????????//把事件循环组加入引导程序 ???????????b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup); ??????????//开启socket ???????????b.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class); ??????????//加入业务控制器,这里是加入一个初始化类,其中包含了很多业务控制器 ???????????b.childHandler(new HelloServerInitializer()); ???????????// 服务器绑定端口监听 ???????????ChannelFuture f = b.bind(portNumber).sync(); ???????????// 监听服务器关闭监听 ???????????f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); ???????????// 可以简写为 ???????????/* b.bind(portNumber).sync().channel().closeFuture().sync(); */ ???????} finally { ??????????//Netty优雅退出 ???????????bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); ???????????workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); ???????} ???}}
(1),HelloServerInitializer
初始化传输通道
package org.example.hello;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.Delimiters;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;//继承Netty提供的初始化类,只要复写其中的方法就可以了public class HelloServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { ???@Override ???protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ??????//开启传输通道,这个通道的作用就是管理控制器,形成一个责任链式管理 ???????ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); ???????// 以("\n")为结尾分割的 解码器 ???????pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter())); ???????// 字符串解码 和 编码 ???????pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); ????????pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); ???????// 加入自定义的Handler ???????pipeline.addLast("handler", new HelloServerHandler()); ???????//初始化类一般都是先加入编码解码器来解读传输来的消息,然后加入自定义类来处理业务逻辑 ???}}
(1),HelloServerHandler
定义业务逻辑
package org.example.hello;import java.net.InetAddress;import io.netty.channel.Channel;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;//继承Netty提供的通道传入处理器类,只要复写方法就可以了,简化开发public class HelloServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> { ???????//获取现有通道,一个通道channel就是一个socket链接在这里 ???public static ChannelGroup channels = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE); ???//有新链接加入,对外发布消息 ???@Override ???public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { ?// (2) ???????Channel incoming = ctx.channel(); ???????for (Channel channel : channels) { ???????????channel.writeAndFlush("[SERVER] - " + incoming.remoteAddress() + " 加入\n"); ???????} ???????channels.add(ctx.channel()); ???} ????????//有链接断开,对外发布消息 ???@Override ???public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { ?// (3) ???????Channel incoming = ctx.channel(); ???????for (Channel channel : channels) { ???????????channel.writeAndFlush("[SERVER] - " + incoming.remoteAddress() + " 离开\n"); ???????} ???????channels.remove(ctx.channel()); ???} ???????//消息读取有两个方法,channelRead和channelRead0,其中channelRead0可以读取泛型,常用 ?????//收到消息打印出来,并返还客户端消息 ???@Override ???protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception { ???????// 收到消息直接打印输出 ???????System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " Say : " + msg); ???????????????// 返回客户端消息 - 我已经接收到了你的消息 ???????ctx.writeAndFlush("Received your message !\n"); ???} ???????/* ????* ?????* 覆盖 channelActive 方法 在channel被启用的时候触发 (在建立连接的时候) ????* ?????* channelActive 和 channelInActive 在后面的内容中讲述,这里先不做详细的描述 ????* */ ???@Override ???public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { ???????????????System.out.println("RamoteAddress : " + ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " active !"); ???????????????ctx.writeAndFlush( "Welcome to " + InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName() + " service!\n"); ???????????????super.channelActive(ctx); ???}}
3,客户端代码
(1),HelloClient
package org.example.hello;import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;import io.netty.channel.Channel;import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;public class HelloClient { ???????public static String host = "127.0.0.1"; ???public static int port = 7878; ???/** ????* @param args ????* @throws InterruptedException ?????* @throws IOException ?????*/ ???public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException { ???????EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); ???????try { ???????????Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); ???????????b.group(group) ???????????.channel(NioSocketChannel.class) ???????????.handler(new HelloClientInitializer()); ???????????// 连接服务端 ???????????Channel ch = b.connect(host, port).sync().channel(); ???????????????????????// 控制台输入 ???????????BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); ???????????//也可以用while循环 ???????????for (;;) { ???????????????String line = in.readLine(); ???????????????if (line == null) { ???????????????????continue; ???????????????} ???????????????/* ????????????????* 向服务端发送在控制台输入的文本 并用"\r\n"结尾 ????????????????* 之所以用\r\n结尾 是因为我们在handler中添加了 DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder 帧解码。 ????????????????* 这个解码器是一个根据\n符号位分隔符的解码器。所以每条消息的最后必须加上\n否则无法识别和解码 ????????????????* */ ???????????????ch.writeAndFlush(line + "\r\n"); ???????????} ???????} finally { ???????????// The connection is closed automatically on shutdown. ???????????group.shutdownGracefully(); ???????} ???}}
(2),HelloClientInitializer
package org.example.hello;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.Delimiters;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;public class HelloClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { ???@Override ???protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ???????ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); ???????/* ????????* 这个地方的 必须和服务端对应上。否则无法正常解码和编码 ????????* ?????????* 解码和编码 我将会在下一张为大家详细的讲解。再次暂时不做详细的描述 ????????* ?????????* */ ???????pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter())); ???????pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); ???????pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); ???????????????// 客户端的逻辑 ???????pipeline.addLast("handler", new HelloClientHandler()); ???}}
(3),HellClientHandler
package org.example.hello;import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;public class HelloClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> { ???@Override ???protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception { ???????????????System.out.println("Server say : " + msg); ???} ???????@Override ???public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { ???????System.out.println("Client active "); ???????super.channelActive(ctx); ???} ???@Override ???public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { ???????System.out.println("Client close "); ???????super.channelInactive(ctx); ???}}
四,运行测试
服务器右键运行程序
客户端右键运行程序
服务器端console:
客户端console:
切换console:
Netty构建游戏服务器(二)--Hello World
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/WangBoBlog/p/8718108.html