抽屉官网：http://dig.chouti.com/
一、配置（settings）
settings = { ???‘template_path‘: ‘views‘, ???#模板文件路径 ???‘static_path‘: ‘statics‘, ???????#静态文件路径 ???‘static_url_prefix‘: ‘/statics/‘, ?#静态文件前缀 ???‘autoreload‘: True, ???‘ui_methods‘: mt}二、路由配置
application = tornado.web.Application([ ???(r"/index", home.IndexHandler), ???#主页 ???(r"/check_code", account.CheckCodeHandler), ?#验证码 ???(r"/send_msg", account.SendMsgHandler), ?#邮箱验证码 ???(r"/register", account.RegisterHandler), ?#注册 ???(r"/login", account.LoginHandler), ???#登陆 ???(r"/upload_image", home.UploadImageHandler), ?#上传图片 ???(r"/comment", home.CommentHandler), ?#评论 ???(r"/favor", home.FavorHandler), ??#点赞], **settings)
三、文件夹分类
下面我们将根据上图文件目录由上到下做一一分析：
四、准备工作
本项目所有前端反馈均是通过BaseResponse类实现的：
class BaseResponse: ????def __init__(self): ???????self.status = False ???#状态信息，是否注册成功，是否登陆成功，是否点赞成功、是否评论成功等 ???????self.code = StatusCodeEnum.Success ???????self.data = None ???????#前端需要展示的数据 ???????self.summary = None ???#错误信息 ???????self.message = {} ???#字典类型的错误信息前端：
- html
- css基础（一）
- css基础（二）
- JavaScript基础
- Dom基础和实例
- jquary基础和实例大全
- 偷偷发请求的ajax基础与实例大全
后端：
- web框架本质
- web框架之tronado
数据库：
- mysql基础一
- mysql基础二
- python操作mysql（pymysql 和ORM框架 SQLAchemy）
缓存：
RabbitMQ、Redis、Memcache、SQLAlchemy
五、core：业务处理类handler需要继承的父类
import tornado.webfrom backend.session.session import SessionFactory ?class BaseRequestHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): ????def initialize(self): ????????self.session = SessionFactory.get_session_obj(self)
六、form：用于form验证的文件，这是一个自定义的tornado form验证模块
fields：包含字符串、邮箱、数字、checkbox、文件类型验证
forms：核心验证处理，返回验证是否成功self._valid_status、成功后的数据提self._value_dict、错误信息self._error_dict
初始化
字符串匹配
ip匹配
邮箱匹配
数字匹配
checkbox匹配
文件匹配
核心验证处理：
from backend.form import fields ?class BaseForm: ????def __init__(self): ???????self._value_dict = {} #数据字典 ???????self._error_dict = {} #错误信息字典 ???????self._valid_status = True #是否验证成功 ????def valid(self, handler): ????????for field_name, field_obj in self.__dict__.items(): ???????????if field_name.startswith(‘_‘): ?#过滤私有字段 ???????????????continue ????????????if type(field_obj) == fields.CheckBoxField: ?#checkbox处理 ???????????????post_value = handler.get_arguments(field_name, None) ???????????elif type(field_obj) == fields.FileField: ?#文件处理 ???????????????post_value = [] ???????????????file_list = handler.request.files.get(field_name, []) ???????????????for file_item in file_list: ???????????????????post_value.append(file_item[‘filename‘]) ???????????else: ???????????????post_value = handler.get_argument(field_name, None) ????????????field_obj.match(field_name, post_value) ?#匹配 ???????????if field_obj.is_valid: ??? #如果验证成功 ???????????????self._value_dict[field_name] = field_obj.value #提取数据 ???????????else: ???????????????self._error_dict[field_name] = field_obj.error ?#错误信息 ???????????????self._valid_status = False ???????return self._valid_status ???#返回是否验证成功七、如何应用上述form验证模块：
以注册为例：
前端：
Html
js：
js
后台处理：
首先需要编写RegisterForm：
class RegisterForm(BaseForm): ?#需要继承上面的form验证核心处理类 ????def __init__(self): #初始化每一个input标签的name ???????self.username = StringField() ?#input标签name=对应类型的类 ???????self.email = EmailField() ???????self.password = StringField() ???????self.email_code = StringField() ????????super(RegisterForm, self).__init__()
后台RegisterHandler：
class RegisterHandler(BaseRequestHandler): ???def post(self, *args, **kwargs): ???????rep = BaseResponse() ??#总的返回前端的类，包含是否注册成功的状态、错误信息 ???????form = account.RegisterForm() ?#实例化RegisterForm ???????if form.valid(self): ?#调用baseform核心验证处理函数valid，返回是否验证成功 ???????????current_date = datetime.datetime.now() ???????????limit_day = current_date - datetime.timedelta(minutes=1) ???????????conn = ORM.session() ?#获取数据库session对象<br> #查看验证码是否过期 ???????????is_valid_code = conn.query(ORM.SendMsg).filter(ORM.SendMsg.email == form._value_dict[‘email‘], ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ORM.SendMsg.code == form._value_dict[‘email_code‘], ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ORM.SendMsg.ctime > limit_day).count() ???????????if not is_valid_code: ???????????????rep.message[‘email_code‘] = ‘邮箱验证码不正确或过期‘ ???????????????self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__)) ???????????????return ???????????has_exists_email = conn.query(ORM.UserInfo).filter(ORM.UserInfo.email == form._value_dict[‘email‘]).count()#邮箱是否存在 ???????????if has_exists_email: ???????????????rep.message[‘email‘] = ‘邮箱已经存在‘ ???????????????self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__)) ???????????????return ???????????has_exists_username = conn.query(ORM.UserInfo).filter( ???????????????ORM.UserInfo.username == form._value_dict[‘username‘]).count() #用户名是否存在 ???????????if has_exists_username: ???????????????rep.message[‘email‘] = ‘用户名已经存在‘ ???????????????self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__)) ???????????????return<br> #按数据库表的列订制form._value_dict
form._value_dict[‘ctime‘] = current_date form._value_dict.pop(‘email_code‘) obj = ORM.UserInfo(**form._value_dict) conn.add(obj)<br> ????conn.flush() ????conn.refresh(obj) #将自增id也提取出来 ?????user_info_dict = {‘nid‘: obj.nid, ‘email‘: obj.email, ‘username‘: obj.username} ?????conn.query(ORM.SendMsg).filter_by(email=form._value_dict[‘email‘]).delete()#删除本次邮箱验证码 ????conn.commit() ????conn.close() ?????self.session[‘is_login‘] = True ?#注册成功后定义登陆成功 ????self.session[‘user_info‘] = user_info_dict 用户信息写入session ????rep.status = True ?else: ????rep.message = form._error_dict #错误信息 ?self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__)) ?#返回给前端，前端ajax success接收并处理，在前端页面展示八、session ，本session是基于tornado的自定义session
1.应用工厂方法模式定义session保存的位置，用户只需在配置文件修改即可
class SessionFactory: ????@staticmethod ???def get_session_obj(handler): ???????obj = None ????????if config.SESSION_TYPE == "cache": #缓存 ???????????obj = CacheSession(handler) ???????elif config.SESSION_TYPE == "memcached": #memcached
obj = MemcachedSession(handler) <br> elif config.SESSION_TYPE == "redis": #radis<br> obj = RedisSession(handler) <br> return obj
2.缓存session
缓存Sesson
3.memcache session
memcache session
4.radis session
radis session
九、验证码：
注：验证码需要依赖session。
check_code.py
class CheckCodeHandler(BaseRequestHandler): ???def get(self, *args, **kwargs): ???????stream = io.BytesIO() ???????img, code = check_code.create_validate_code() ???????img.save(stream, "png") ???????self.session["CheckCode"] = code ?#利用session保存验证码 ???????self.write(stream.getvalue())
路由配置：(r"/check_code", account.CheckCodeHandler),
前端：
<img src="/check_code" alt="验证码" >
js:
<script> ???????????????????function ChangeCode(ths) { ???????????????????????ths.src += ‘?‘; ???????????????????} ???????????????</script>十、发送邮箱验证码
前端：
<div > ???????<input name="code" type="text" placeholder="请输入邮箱验证码" /> ???????<a >获取验证码</a></div>
js：
function SendCode(ths) {// ???????????var email = $(ths).prev().val(); ???????????var email = $(‘#email‘).val(); ???????????$.ajax({ ???????????????url: ‘/send_code‘, ???????????????type: ‘POST‘, ???????????????data: {em: email}, ???????????????success: function (arg) { ???????????????????console.log(arg); ???????????????}, ???????????????error: function () { ????????????????????????????????????} ????????????????????????????}); ???????}路由配置：
(r"/send_code", account.SendCodeHandler),
后台handler：
class SendCodeHandler(BaseRequestHandler): ???def post(self, *args, **kwargs): ???????ret = {‘status‘: True, "data": "", "error": ""} ???????email = self.get_argument(‘em‘, None) ???????if email: ???????????code = commons.random_code() ?#获取随机验证码 ???????????message.email([email,], code) #发送验证码到邮箱 ???????????conn = chouti_orm.session() ??#获取数据库session对象 ???????????obj = chouti_orm.SendCode(email=email,code=code, stime=datetime.datetime.now()) #写入数据库 ???????????conn.add(obj) ???????????conn.commit() ???????else: ???????????ret[‘status‘] = False ???????????ret[‘error‘] = "邮箱格式错误" ????????self.write(json.dumps(ret))发送邮箱验证码函数：
import smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.utils import formataddr ?def email(email_list, content, subject="抽屉新热榜-用户注册"): ?#email_list邮件列表，content邮件内容，subject：发送标题 ???msg = MIMEText(content, ‘plain‘, ‘utf-8‘) ???msg[‘From‘] = formataddr(["抽屉新热榜",‘wptawy@126.com‘]) ???msg[‘Subject‘] = subject ????server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.126.com", 25) 邮箱引擎 ???server.login("youxiang@126.com", "mima") #邮箱名，密码 ???server.sendmail(‘wptawy@126.com‘, email_list, msg.as_string()) ???server.quit()十一、邮箱验证码之过期时间
案例：
html：
<a href="javascript:void(0);">获取验证码</a>
js：
function BindSendMsg(){ ??????????$("#fetch_code").click(function(){ ??????????????$(‘#register_error_summary‘).empty(); ?#清空错误信息 ??????????????var email = $(‘#email‘).val(); #获取邮箱地址 ??????????????if(email.trim().length == 0){ ?#判断是否输入邮箱 ??????????????????$(‘#register_error_summary‘).text(‘请输入注册邮箱‘); ??????????????????return; ??????????????} ??????????????if($(this).hasClass(‘sending‘)){ ?#判断是否已经发送 ??????????????????return; ??????????????} ??????????????var ths = $(this); ??????????????var time = 60; 设置倒计时时间为60s ???????????????$.ajax({ ??????????????????url: "/send_msg", ??????????????????type: ‘POST‘, ??????????????????data: {email: email}, ??????????????????dataType: ‘json‘, ??????????????????success: function(arg){ ??????????????????????if(!arg.status){ ?#是否发送成功 ??????????????????????????$(‘#register_error_summary‘).text(arg.summary); #不成功显示错误信息 ??????????????????????}else{ ??????????????????????????ths.addClass(‘sending‘); ?????#成功后显示已发送状态 ??????????????????????????var interval = setInterval(function(){ ??????????????????????????ths.text("已发送(" + time + ")"); ??????????????????????????time -= 1; #定时器每运行一次，计数器减1 ??????????????????????????if(time <= 0){ ??????????????????????????????clearInterval(interval); #一分钟过完，清除定时器 ??????????????????????????????ths.removeClass(‘sending‘);# 移除已发送状态 ??????????????????????????????ths.text("获取验证码");# 恢复未发送状态 ??????????????????????????} ??????????????????????}, 1000);#定时器每隔1s运行一次 ??????????????????????} ??????????????????} ??????????????}); ???????????}); ??????}附：一些常见模块：
1.随机验证码获取：
随机验证码
2.md5加密
def generate_md5(value): ???r = str(time.time()) ???obj = hashlib.md5(r.encode(‘utf-8‘)) ???obj.update(value.encode(‘utf-8‘)) ???return obj.hexdigest()
十二、分页功能，该功能是基于tornado的自定义分页功能
案例：
前端：
<div > ????????{% raw str_page%} ?#展示原生html</div>url配置：
(r"/index/(?P<page>\d*)", IndexHandler),
分页模块：
分页模块
注：Pagination实例化接收两个参数：当前页current_page、新闻总数all_item，其中current_page一般通过url分组元素直接获取
后台handler：
class IndexHandler(BaseRequestHandler): ???def get(self, page=1): ???????conn = ORM.session() ?#获取数据库session对象 ???????all_count = conn.query(ORM.News).count()#计算新闻总数 ???????obj = Pagination(page, all_count) ?#实例化pagination对象 ???????current_user_id = self.session[‘user_info‘][‘nid‘] if self.session[‘is_login‘] else 0 ?#如果登陆获取用户id，否则，用户id=0，下面的查询结果也为空 ???????result = conn.query(ORM.News.nid, ???????????????????????????ORM.News.title, ???????????????????????????ORM.News.url, ???????????????????????????ORM.News.content, ???????????????????????????ORM.News.ctime, ???????????????????????????ORM.UserInfo.username, ???????????????????????????ORM.NewsType.caption, ???????????????????????????ORM.News.favor_count, ???????????????????????????ORM.News.comment_count, ???????????????????????????ORM.Favor.nid.label(‘has_favor‘)).join(ORM.NewsType, isouter=True).join(ORM.UserInfo, isouter=True).join(ORM.Favor, and_(ORM.Favor.user_info_id == current_user_id, ORM.News.nid == ORM.Favor.news_id), isouter=True)[obj.start:10] #从每页开始向下取10条，即每页显示10条新闻 ???????conn.close() ???????str_page = obj.string_pager(‘/index/‘) 获取页码的字符串格式html ???????self.render(‘home/index.html‘, str_page=str_page, news_list=result)
十三、页面登陆验证（装饰器方式实现）
1.普通登陆验证
def auth_login_redirect(func): ????def inner(self, *args, **kwargs): ???????if not self.session[‘is_login‘]: ???????????self.redirect(config.LOGIN_URL) ???????????return ???????func(self, *args, **kwargs) ???return inner
2.ajax提交数据的登陆验证
def auth_login_json(func): ????def inner(self, *args, **kwargs): ???????if not self.session[‘is_login‘]: ???????????rep = BaseResponse() ???????????rep.summary = "auth failed" ???????????self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__)) ???????????return ???????func(self, *args, **kwargs) ???return inner
十四、上传文件
前端：
<form style="display: inline-block" name="form" action="/upload_image" method="POST" ?enctype="multipart/form-data" > <a > <span>上传图片</span> <input type="file" name="img" onchange="UploadImage(this);"/> <input type="text" name="url" /> </a> <iframe id=‘upload_img_iframe‘ name=‘upload_img_iframe‘ src="" ?></iframe></form>
js：
js
路由配置：
(r"/upload_image", home.UploadImageHandler),
后台handler：
class UploadImageHandler(BaseRequestHandler): ???@decrator.auth_login_json ?#上传前登陆验证 ???def post(self, *args, **kwargs): ???????rep = BaseResponse() 前端回应类 ???????try: ???????????file_metas = self.request.files["img"] 获取图片列表 ???????????for meta in file_metas: ???????????????file_name = meta[‘filename‘] #图片名 ???????????????file_path = os.path.join(‘statics‘, ‘upload‘, commons.generate_md5(file_name)) #保存地址 ???????????????with open(file_path, ‘wb‘) as up: ???????????????????up.write(meta[‘body‘]) #在服务器写入图片 ???????????rep.status = True #写入成功 ???????????rep.data = file_path ???????except Exception as ex: ???????????rep.summary = str(ex)#错误信息 ???????self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__)) #反馈给前端
十五、文章发布
1.定义需要验证的form类
class IndexForm(BaseForm): ????def __init__(self): ???????self.title = StringField() ?#标题 ???????self.content = StringField(required=False) 内容 ???????self.url = StringField(required=False) ?图片url ???????self.news_type_id = IntegerField() ??新闻类型 ????????super(IndexForm, self).__init__()
2.前端html：
<div > <a >提交</a> <span ></span></div>
3.js
View Code
后台handler：
@decrator.auth_login_json ?#发布前登陆验证 ???def post(self, *args, **kwargs): ???????rep = BaseResponse() ????????form = IndexForm()#实例化Indexform ???????if form.valid(self): ???????????# title,content,href,news_type,user_info_id #写入数据库 ???????????input_dict = copy.deepcopy(form._value_dict) ???????????input_dict[‘ctime‘] = datetime.datetime.now() ???????????input_dict[‘user_info_id‘] = self.session[‘user_info‘][‘nid‘] ???????????conn = ORM.session() ???????????conn.add(ORM.News(**input_dict)) ???????????conn.commit() ???????????conn.close() ???????????rep.status = True #写入成功 ???????else: ???????????rep.message = form._error_dict ?#错误信息 ????????self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__))
十六、点赞功能
前端html：
<a href="javascript:void(0);" title="推荐" > {% if item[9] %} #是否已点过赞 <span ></span> {% else %} <span ></span> {% end %} <b >{{item[7]}}</b> ? #点赞数量<br></a>js：
点赞
后台handler：
View Code
点赞+1和-1动态效果js：
点赞+1效果
点赞-1效果
十七、评论功能
案例：
前端html：
<div > <a href="javascript:void(0);" >评论</a> ?#携带新闻id <a href="javascript:void(0);" >发布中...</a></div>
{% raw tree(comment_tree) %}创建评论树字典函数：
build_tree
递归生成评论树函数：
tree_search
前端调用uimethod，生成评论html：
uimethod
后台handler：
后台handler
js：
js
tornado web高级开发项目
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ExMan/p/10308817.html