预备知识JSON
什么是JSON
JSON 指的是 JavaScript 对象表示法（JavaScript Object Notation）
JSON 是轻量级的文本数据交换格式
JSON 独立于语言
JSON 具有自我描述性，更易理解
JavaScript和python的区别
Django内置的序列化
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponsefrom django.core import serializersfrom app01 import modelsdef person(request): ???ret = models.Person.objects.all() ???ret1 = models.Person.objects.all().values() ???print(ret) ???print(ret1) ???s = serializers.serialize(‘json‘, ret) ???print(s) ???return HttpResponse(s)
发请求的方式
1. 直接在地址栏输入URL回车 GET请求
2. a标签 ??????????????????????GET请求
3. form表单 ???????????????????GET/POST请求
4. AJAX ???????????????????????GET/POST请求
AJAX特点
特点
1. 异步
2. 局部刷新浏览器（偷偷发请求）
缺点
请求零碎，滥用对服务端压力大
语法
$.ajax({url: ‘/check/‘, ???????// 往哪里发type: ‘post‘, ???????// 以什么方式发data: {username: $username}, ???// 发送的数据success: function (arg) { ???????// 请求得到相应的时候要执行的 ???console.log(arg); ???$(".e1").text(arg).css(‘color‘,‘red‘)}示例
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> ?<meta charset="UTF-8"> ?<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge"> ?<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> ?<title>AJAX局部刷新实例</title></head><body><input type="text" id="i1">+<input type="text" id="i2">=<input type="text" id="i3"><input type="button" value="AJAX提交" id="b1"><script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script><script> ?$("#b1").on("click", function () { ???$.ajax({ ?????url:"/ajax_add/", ?????type:"GET", ?????data:{"i1":$("#i1").val(),"i2":$("#i2").val()}, ?????success:function (data) { ???????$("#i3").val(data); ?????} ???}) ?})</script></body></html>from django.shortcuts import renderfrom django.http import JsonResponsedef ajax_demo1(request): ???return render(request, "ajax_demo1.html")def ajax_add(request): ???i1 = int(request.GET.get("i1")) ???i2 = int(request.GET.get("i2")) ???ret = i1 + i2 ???return JsonResponse(ret, safe=False)urlpatterns = [ ???... ???url(r‘^ajax_add/‘, views.ajax_add), ???url(r‘^ajax_demo1/‘, views.ajax_demo1), ???... ??]
如何设置csrf_token
方式一
通过获取隐藏的input标签中的csrfmiddlewaretoken值，放置在data中发送。
$.ajax({ ?url: "/cookie_ajax/", ?type: "POST", ?data: { ???"username": "Q1mi", ???"password": 123456, ???"csrfmiddlewaretoken": $("[name = ‘csrfmiddlewaretoken‘]").val() ?// 使用jQuery取出csrfmiddlewaretoken的值，拼接到data中 ?}, ?success: function (data) { ???console.log(data); ?}})方式二
自己写一个js文件获取返回的cookie中的字符串 放置在请求头中发送。
放在/static/
function getCookie(name) { ???var cookieValue = null; ???if (document.cookie && document.cookie !== ‘‘) { ???????var cookies = document.cookie.split(‘;‘); ???????for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { ???????????var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]); ???????????// Does this cookie string begin with the name we want? ???????????if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) === (name + ‘=‘)) { ???????????????cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1)); ???????????????break; ???????????} ???????} ???} ???return cookieValue;}var csrftoken = getCookie(‘csrftoken‘);function csrfSafeMethod(method) { ???// these HTTP methods do not require CSRF protection ???return (/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/.test(method));}$.ajaxSetup({ ???beforeSend: function (xhr, settings) { ???????if (!csrfSafeMethod(settings.type) && !this.crossDomain) { ???????????xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", csrftoken); ???????} ???}});用到AJAX的请求方式为post时候,提前导入一下文件即可
<script src="/static/setupajax.js"></script>
Django高级-AJAX应用
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/sunch/p/9750275.html