1,什么是Ajax
AJAX(Asynchronous Javascript And XML)翻译成中文就是“异步Javascript和XML”。即使用Javascript语言与服务器进行异步交互,传输的数据为XML(当然,传输的数据不只是XML,现在更多使用json数据)。
- 同步交互:客户端发出一个请求后,需要等待服务器响应结束后,才能发出第二个请求;
- 异步交互:客户端发出一个请求后,无需等待服务器响应结束,就可以发出第二个请求。
AJAX除了异步的特点外,还有一个就是:浏览器页面局部刷新;(这一特点给用户的感受是在不知不觉中完成请求和响应过程)
优点:
- AJAX使用Javascript技术向服务器发送异步请求
- AJAX无须刷新整个页面
2,基于jquery的Ajax的实现
<button class="send_Ajax">send_Ajax</button><script> ??????$(".send_Ajax").click(function(){ ??????????$.ajax({ ??????????????url:"/handle_Ajax/", ??????????????type:"POST", ??????????????data:{username:"Yuan",password:123}, ??????????????success:function(data){ ??????????????????console.log(data) ??????????????}, ???????? ??????????????error: function (jqXHR, textStatus, err) { ???????????????????????console.log(arguments); ???????????????????}, ??????????????complete: function (jqXHR, textStatus) { ???????????????????????console.log(textStatus); ???????????????}, ??????????????statusCode: { ???????????????????‘403‘: function (jqXHR, textStatus, err) { ?????????????????????????console.log(arguments); ????????????????????}, ???????????????????‘400‘: function (jqXHR, textStatus, err) { ???????????????????????console.log(arguments); ???????????????????} ???????????????} ??????????}) ??????})</script>
3,案例
一 通过Ajax,实现前端输入两个数字,服务器做加法,返回到前端页面
def test_ajax(requests): ???n1=int(requests.POST.get(‘n1‘)) ???n2=int(requests.POST.get(‘n2‘)) ???return HttpResponse(n1+n2)
def test_ajax(requests): ???n1=int(requests.POST.get(‘n1‘)) ???n2=int(requests.POST.get(‘n2‘)) ???return HttpResponse(n1+n2)
<input type="text" id="num1">+<input type="text" id="num2">=<input type="text" id="sum"><button id="submit">计算</button>
二 基于Ajax进行登录验证
用户在表单输入用户名与密码,通过Ajax提交给服务器,服务器验证后返回响应信息,客户端通过响应信息确定是否登录成功,成功,则跳转到首页,否则,在页面上显示相应的错误信息
def auth(request): ???back_dic={‘user‘:None,‘message‘:None} ???name=request.POST.get(‘user‘) ???password=request.POST.get(‘password‘) ???print(name) ???print(password) ???user=models.user.objects.filter(name=name,password=password).first() ???print(user) ???# print(user.query) ???if user: ???????back_dic[‘user‘]=user.name ???????back_dic[‘message‘]=‘成功‘ ???else: ???????back_dic[‘message‘]=‘用户名或密码错误‘ ???import json ???return HttpResponse(json.dumps(back_dic))视图函数
$("#submit3").click(function () { ???????????$.ajax({ ???????????????url: ‘/auth/‘, ???????????????type: ‘post‘, ???????????????data: { ???????????????????‘user‘: $("#id_name").val(), ???????????????????‘password‘: $(‘#id_password‘).val() ???????????????}, ???????????????success: function (data) { ???????????????????{#console.log(data)#} ???????????????????var data=JSON.parse(data) ???????????????????if (data.user){ ???????????????????????location.href=‘https://www.baidu.com‘ ???????????????????}else { ???????????????????????$(".error").html(data.message).css({‘color‘:‘red‘,‘margin-left‘:‘20px‘}) ???????????????????} ???????????????} ???????????}) ???????} ???)Js代码
4,基于Ajax上传文件
浏览器请求头为:
Content-Type:
multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryA5O53SvUXJaF11O2
$("#ajax_button").click(function () { ???????var formdata=new FormData() ???????formdata.append(‘name‘,$("#id_name2").val()) ???????formdata.append(‘avatar‘,$("#avatar2")[0].files[0]) ???????$.ajax({ ???????????url:‘‘, ???????????type:‘post‘, ???????????processData:false, //告诉jQuery不要去处理发送的数据 ???????????contentType:false,// 告诉jQuery不要去设置Content-Type请求头 ???????????data:formdata, ???????????success:function (data) { ???????????????console.log(data) ???????????} ???????}) ???})
Django与Ajax
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zk952557666/p/9636312.html