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[TOC]

1. 项目结构

• 本项目使用maven进行项目管理，搭建一个简单的Hibernate框架需要四步。

• 本项目未使用注解方式进行搭建

  1.1 pom.xml

• 使用maven引入依赖jar包，若未使用maven，则自己下载所需jar包放到lib目录下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ?xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> ???<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> ???<groupId>org.imooc</groupId> ???<artifactId>Hibernate_001</artifactId> ???<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> ???<packaging>jar</packaging> ???<properties> ???????<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> ???</properties> ???<dependencies> ???????<!-- junit --> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>junit</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>junit</artifactId> ???????????<version>4.12</version> ???????????<scope>test</scope> ???????</dependency> ???????<!-- Hibernate --> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> ???????????<version>5.1.5.Final</version> ???????</dependency> ???????<!-- mysql-connector-java --> ???????<dependency> ???????????<groupId>mysql</groupId> ???????????<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> ???????????<version>5.1.22</version> ???????</dependency> ???</dependencies> ???????<build> ???????<plugins> ???????????<plugin> ???????????????<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> ???????????????<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> ???????????????<version>3.6.1</version> ???????????????<configuration> ???????????????????<target>1.7</target> ???????????????????<source>1.7</source> ???????????????????<encoding>UTF-8</encoding> ???????????????</configuration> ???????????</plugin> ???????</plugins> ???</build> ???</project>

1.2 hibernate.cfg.xml

• 在hibernate.cfg.xml中配置三方面的信息。
  • 连接数据库的信息，比如驱动、url、连接名、密码等。
  • hibernate本身的配置，比如方言、是否展示SQL，SQL格式化、建表策略等。
  • 引入映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC ????"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" ????"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-configuration> ???<session-factory> ???????<!-- 数据库连接名 --> ???????<property name="connection.username">root</property> ???????<!-- 数据库连接密码 --> ???????<property name="connection.password">20121221</property> ???????<!-- 数据库驱动 --> ???????<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> ???????<!-- 数据库连接url --> ???????<property name="connection.url"> ???????????jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate?useSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8 ???????</property> ???????????????<!-- 方言 --> ???????<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property> ???????<!-- 展示SQL --> ???????<property name="show_sql">true</property> ???????<!-- 格式化SQL --> ???????<property name="format_sql">false</property> ???????<!-- 建表策略 --> ???????<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> ???????????????<!-- 指定映射文件 --> ???????<mapping resource="hbm/student.hbm.xml"/> ???</session-factory></hibernate-configuration>

1.3 entity

• entity是实体类，对应数据库中的表结构，仅实现setter和getter方法即可

package com.imooc.hibernate.model;import java.util.Date;public class Student { ???????private int sid; // 学号 ???private String sname; // 姓名 ???private String gender; // 性别 ???private Date birthday; // 出生日期 ???private String address; // 地址 ???????public Student() { ???} ???public Student(int sid, String sname, String gender, Date birthday, String address) { ???????this.sid = sid; ???????this.sname = sname; ???????this.gender = gender; ???????this.birthday = birthday; ???????this.address = address; ???} ???public int getSid() { ???????return sid; ???} ???public void setSid(int sid) { ???????this.sid = sid; ???} ???public String getSname() { ???????return sname; ???} ???public void setSname(String sname) { ???????this.sname = sname; ???} ???public String getGender() { ???????return gender; ???} ???public void setGender(String gender) { ???????this.gender = gender; ???} ???public Date getBirthday() { ???????return birthday; ???} ???public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { ???????this.birthday = birthday; ???} ???public String getAddress() { ???????return address; ???} ???public void setAddress(String address) { ???????this.address = address; ???} ???@Override ???public String toString() { ???????return "Student [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + ", gender=" ????????????????+ gender + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", address=" + address + "]"; ???} ???}

1.4 entity.hbm.xml

• entity.hbm.xml是映射文件，将数据库表与entity进行对应

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC ???"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" ???"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-mapping> ???<class name="com.imooc.hibernate.model.Student"> ???????<id name="sid" type="int"> ???????????<column name="SID"/> ???????????<generator class="assigned"/> <!-- 主键生成策略 --> ???????</id> ???????<property name="sname" type="java.lang.String"> ???????????<column name="SNAME"/> ???????</property> ???????<property name="gender" type="java.lang.String"> ???????????<column name="GENDER"></column> ???????</property> ???????<property name="birthday" type="java.util.Date"> ???????????<column name="BIRTHDAY"/> ???????</property> ???????<property name="address" type="java.lang.String"> ???????????<column name="ADDRESS"></column> ???????</property> ???</class></hibernate-mapping>

2. 测试

• 使用junit进行测试

package com.imooc.hibernate.test;import java.util.Date;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.junit.After;import org.junit.Before;import org.junit.Test;import com.imooc.hibernate.model.Student;public class StudentTest { ???????private SessionFactory sessionFactory; ???private Session session; ???private Transaction transaction; ???????@Test ???public void testSaveStudent() { ???????????????// 生成学生对象 ???????Student s = new Student(3, "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "武当山"); ???????session.save(s); ???????????} ???@Before ???public void init() { ???????????????// 创建会话工厂对象 ???????sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); ???????// 创建会话对象 ???????session = sessionFactory.openSession(); ???????// 开始事务 ???????transaction = session.beginTransaction(); ???????????} ???????@After ???public void destory () { ???????????????// 提交事务 ???????transaction.commit(); ???????// 关闭会话 ???????session.close(); ???????// 关闭会话工厂 ???????sessionFactory.close(); ???????????} ???}

3. 总结

Hibernate初步搭建很简单，主要是使用hibernate.cfg.xml进行数据库连接的配置，使用entity.hbm.xml进行数据库表结构与实体类进行映射。

参考：Hibernate初探之单表映射

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